The present research work focuses on the relation between significant professional life events and the meaning (re)construction dynamics regarding individual biographies. The attempt here is to understand how CEOs within social economy enterprises, operate meaning (re)constructions in relation to their professional activity and to themselves, when they live/evoke the events they consider significant in their professional lives. The interest of this approach is to discuss the links between lifelong learning, professional activity and (re)construction of individuals with a diachronic perspective. Society expect CEOs to construct meaning (Vidaillet, 1996; Barbier, 2011). This expectation is all the stronger with the leaders of the social economy, that their culture advocates economic practices respectful of values such as solidarity or cooperation, in a process that is democratic and ultimately emancipatory for individuals. The stakes of meaning are thus double for these leaders: on the one side, it constitutes a matter of their work as leaders; on the other side, it is essential to them as members of social economy culture. To evoke the significant events, invites leaders to elaborate on their professional lives as from real situations. Two hypothesis are discussed here: significant events would constitute ruptures in the dynamics of meaning construction and these events would relay culture meanings. The theoretical frame corresponds to a multi-referential approach (Ardoino; Souto): cultural psychology (Brunner) narrative psychology (Crossely), lifelong learning theories (Souto, Barbier), psycho-sociology and hermeneutics (Gadamer) perspectives are used to explore the notion of event.Non-directive interviews with 13 leaders produced 39 accounts of personal experiences. The narrative analysis center on the components of each account to understand the dynamics of (re)constructions of lived/ evoked/ triggered meaning. The results are of two types: from a theoretical point of view the analysis of significant ...
The present research work focuses on the relation between significant professional life events and the meaning (re)construction dynamics regarding individual biographies. The attempt here is to understand how CEOs within social economy enterprises, operate meaning (re)constructions in relation to their professional activity and to themselves, when they live/evoke the events they consider significant in their professional lives. The interest of this approach is to discuss the links between lifelong learning, professional activity and (re)construction of individuals with a diachronic perspective. Society expect CEOs to construct meaning (Vidaillet, 1996; Barbier, 2011). This expectation is all the stronger with the leaders of the social economy, that their culture advocates economic practices respectful of values such as solidarity or cooperation, in a process that is democratic and ultimately emancipatory for individuals. The stakes of meaning are thus double for these leaders: on the one side, it constitutes a matter of their work as leaders; on the other side, it is essential to them as members of social economy culture. To evoke the significant events, invites leaders to elaborate on their professional lives as from real situations. Two hypothesis are discussed here: significant events would constitute ruptures in the dynamics of meaning construction and these events would relay culture meanings. The theoretical frame corresponds to a multi-referential approach (Ardoino; Souto): cultural psychology (Brunner) narrative psychology (Crossely), lifelong learning theories (Souto, Barbier), psycho-sociology and hermeneutics (Gadamer) perspectives are used to explore the notion of event.Non-directive interviews with 13 leaders produced 39 accounts of personal experiences. The narrative analysis center on the components of each account to understand the dynamics of (re)constructions of lived/ evoked/ triggered meaning. The results are of two types: from a theoretical point of view the analysis of significant professional life events conceives them as the dynamic articulation of goal expectations, action principles, temporalities associated to the situations lived by the leaders. Besides, the structure of the narratives and their themes, reveal the collective character of the (re)construction and the elements masked by the social economy culture. From a praxeological point of view, the characteristics of the professional life events accounts may interest trainers who apply this method. ; Cette recherche a pour objet le rapport entre événements marquants et dynamique de (ré)construction de sens à l'échelle de biographies individuelles. Nous nous intéressons aux constructions de sens que les dirigeants des entreprises de l'économie sociale opèrent autour de leur activité et d'eux-mêmes en activité, lorsqu'ils vivent/évoquent des événements qu'ils considèrent comme marquants dans leur vie professionnelle. L'intérêt de cette approche est de contribuer à la réflexion sur les liens entre formation, activité professionnelle et (ré)construction des sujets dans une perspective diachronique. Le travail sur le sens (Vidaillet, 1996; Barbier, 2011) fait partie de l'activité attendue des dirigeants. Il leur est demandé de devenir des « donneurs de sens ». Cette attente sociale est d'autant plus forte auprès des dirigeants de l'économie sociale que leur culture prône des pratiques économiques respectueuses des valeurs telles que la solidarité, ou la coopération, dans une démarche qui se veut démocratique et in fine émancipatrice pour les êtres humains. Les enjeux de sens sont donc doubles pour ces dirigeants: d'une part ils constituent une matière de leur travail de dirigeants, d'autre part ils leur sont essentiels en tant que membres de la culture de l'économie sociale.Évoquer des événements marquants invite les dirigeants à réfléchir à leur parcours à partir de situations concrètes. Deux hypothèses sont formulées : les événements marquants constitueraient des ruptures dans les processus de construction de sens et ces événements mettraient en jeu des sens collectif liés à l'économie sociale. Le cadre théorique répond à une approche multiréférentielle (Ardoino; Souto). Il fait appel aux apports de la psychologie culturelle (Bruner), de la psychologie narrative (Crossley) et de la formation des adultes (Souto; Barbier) pour approcher les constructions de sens. La sociologie, la psychosociologie, et l'herméneutique (Gadamer) sont sollicitées pour interroger la notion d'événement. Des entretiens non directifs auprès de treize dirigeants ont donné lieu à la production de 39 récits d'expérience personnelle. L'analyse narratologique se centre sur les composantes de chaque récit afin de comprendre la dynamique des (ré)constructions de sens vécus/ évoqués/déclenchés. Les résultats obtenus sont de deux types. D'un point de vue théorique, l'analyse des événements marquants permet de penser la (ré)construction de sens comme une articulation dynamique d'émotions, d'horizons d'attente, de principes d'action, de temporalités différentes, associées à des situations vécues par le dirigeant. Par ailleurs, la structure des récits et leurs thèmes, dévoilent à la fois le caractère collectif des (ré)constructions de sens et les éléments occultés par la culture de l'économie sociale. D'un point de vue de la praxéologie, les caractéristiques des récits portant sur les événements marquants sont susceptibles d'intéresser les formateurs utilisant cette méthode.
In Mexico, as in many other countries, HIV/AIDS strategies are developed at the federal level and implemented at the state level. Local programs are expected to use data, in particular surveillance data, to drive their decisions on programmatic activities and prioritize populations with which the program will engage. Since the early 1980s Mexico has engaged a complex and consistent strategy to address HIV and as a result, a great deal of data is available to help target prevention efforts. However, data utilization varies by state due to a number of factors that influence the process. This dissertation uses the case of state HIV/AIDS programs in Mexico to identify and explore the factors that influence data utilization and evaluate their effect on these programs. Three distinct papers are used to explore this topic.The first paper is a literature review that provides an overview of factors that have been previously identified to influence data and research uptake by decision-makers. These factors are sorted into three categories--macro political, resource and data characteristics--to develop a model for influencing decisions. This model is then superimposed over the cycle for surveillance data in order to clearly ascertain the effect these factors have on data utilization. In the second paper the model developed in the first paper is evaluated through a study in four state programs in Mexico. Interviews and a survey were conducted to assess how the influence factors facilitate and impede data utilization at the local level. Issues around communication, decision-making power, budgeting, data quality and dissemination were the primary concerns identified. The third and final paper explores decision space in these state programs. Specifically, this paper reviews the negative side effects that enforcing an existing policy against sharing antiretroviral drugs between states has had on the decision space of programs at the local level.The results from this research show that in addition to the expected barriers to using data for decision-making, there are also a variety of subtle forces affecting local actors that also need to be taken into account if data utilization is to be improved. One of the main contributions of this study is the approach of studying macro political, resource and data factors simultaneously in order to assess the combined effect they have on decision-makers. This study also helps identify potential areas that both local and national-level actors can leverage to move towards data-driven programming, such as improving local capacity for data analysis and strategic changes to current data dissemination practices. Future research directions include additional comparative studies in Mexico as well as in other middle- and lower-income countries, further explorations of constrained decision space and how it affects program performance and an evaluation of the relative value of experiential knowledge in settings were data are absent or unreliable.
À partir d'une recherche ethnographique sur le travail auprès des jeunes enfants et la formation des futurs professionnels de la petite enfance (titulaires d'un certificat d''aptitude professionnelle et auxiliaires de puériculture), effectuée dans des espaces de formation comme dans des lieux d'accueil des enfants (crèches et écoles maternelles), cet article présente la manière dont la formation structure les pratiques professionnelles qui se distinguent des pratiques domestiques. Il montre que, pour revaloriser ce travail méconnu, les formateurs substituent aux pratiques profanes des futurs professionnels des techniques de travail élaborées en référence au monde du soin. Des disjonctions entre la formation et l'exercice professionnel visent à mieux faire reconnaître ces métiers mais soulignent la fragilité de ces fondements qui peuvent rendre le travail encore plus difficile à tenir. Les efforts et les difficultés éprouvées pour mettre en pratique des apprentissages visent à juguler la place des affects dans les rapports aux tout-petits.
À partir d'une étude sur l'activité des enseignants à l'université et ses modes de valorisation, notre communication porte sur les transformations du métier d'enseignant dans le contexte de la réforme de l'université (loi LRU et modification de la politique indemnitaire). Nous interrogeons dans quelle mesure un éclatement et un déploiement d'activités transforment les logiques de travail quotidiennes et interrogent l'unité et la cohérence du métier. L'analyse des difficultés ressenties par les enseignants conduit à mettre en évidence trois processus de travail distincts qui bousculent l'articulation traditionnelle entre enseignement et recherche. Ces transformations sont également approchées du point de vue des modes de valorisation de l'activité, et notamment du point de vue de la politique indemnitaire.
À partir d'une étude sur l'activité des enseignants à l'université et ses modes de valorisation, notre communication porte sur les transformations du métier d'enseignant dans le contexte de la réforme de l'université (loi LRU et modification de la politique indemnitaire). Nous interrogeons dans quelle mesure un éclatement et un déploiement d'activités transforment les logiques de travail quotidiennes et interrogent l'unité et la cohérence du métier. L'analyse des difficultés ressenties par les enseignants conduit à mettre en évidence trois processus de travail distincts qui bousculent l'articulation traditionnelle entre enseignement et recherche. Ces transformations sont également approchées du point de vue des modes de valorisation de l'activité, et notamment du point de vue de la politique indemnitaire.
Background Little is known about how knowledge brokers (KBs) operate in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) to translate evidence for health policy and practice. These intermediaries facilitate relationships between evidence producers and users to address public health issues.
Aims and objectives To increase understanding, a mixed-methods study collected data from KBs who had acted on evidence from the 2015 Global Maternal Newborn Health Conference in Mexico.
Methods Of the 1000 in-person participants, 252 plus 72 online participants (n=324) from 56 countries completed an online survey, and 20 participants from 15 countries were interviewed. Thematic analysis and application of knowledge translation (KT) theory explored factors influencing KB actions leading to evidence uptake. Descriptive statistics of respondent characteristics were used for cross-case comparison.
Findings Results suggest factors supporting the KB role in evidence uptake, which include active relationships with evidence users through embedded KB roles, targeted and tailored evidence communication to fit the context, user receptiveness to evidence from a similar country setting, adaptability in the KB role, and action orientation of KBs.
Discussion and conclusions Initiatives to increase evidence uptake in LMICs should work to establish supportive structures for embedded KT, identify processes for ongoing cross-country learning, and strengthen KBs already showing effectiveness in their roles.
In: Bulletin of the World Health Organization: the international journal of public health = Bulletin de l'Organisation Mondiale de la Santé, Band 102, Heft 11, S. 828-833