Suchergebnisse

A formação de oficiais de polícia angolanos, no âmbito dos diversos programas de cooperação em curso nesta área, concorre para a construção de um modelo de polícia original angolano. O final da guerra, associado ao desenvolvimento de estruturas de formação no país, bem como à elaboração de políticas públicas favoráveis ao desenvolvimento da polícia nacional, conduzem à consolidação de um modelo híbrido, fruto das múltiplas influências. Este modelo, contudo, incorpora progressivamente orientações mais democráticas. Este artigo analisa estas transformações tendo como base dados recolhidos em Angola no âmbito de uma pesquisa mais alargada sobre o contexto da cooperação internacional na área da formação de oficiais.

ABSTRACTSanta Clara, on Angola's southern border with Namibia, is now a very dynamic urban hub, both economically and socially. It stands out in the remote province of Cunene, recording greater growth in the last five years than the provincial capital, Ondjiva. Its recent transformation into a thriving trading centre was mostly due to massive migration and an intensification of trade between Angola and Namibia at the beginning of this century, although the region's history in the last hundred years is a very different one. While local traders and entrepreneurs have developed their own strategies within this context, national and local administrative structures of the recently pacified country are trying to regulate trading and settlement. These forces in action produce both more sustainable and organised urban growth and at the same time influence social and economic development in the region. The main boom seems to be over, due to relatively successful regulation, which makes the region less attractive to business activity. Traders and entrepreneurs operating locally now have to find new strategies and opportunities. This article, based on empirical research and combined surveys, conducts an analysis of these dynamics and contributes to an understanding of regulation impacts, the way in which local traders cope with them, and the strategies they have developed.

Introduction -- 1. Associations and Civil Society in Rural Mozambique -- 2. Extractive Activities and their Impact on Rural Livelihoods and Local Economies -- 3. Agriculture and Smallholder Production -- 4. Agriculture and Land Acquisitions -- 5. Relations between the State and Rural Communities -- 6. The Environment, Urbanization and use of Natural Resources in the Economy.

AbstractThis article focuses on the urbanizing impact of the post‐millennial mineral boom at artisanal and small‐scale (ASM) or large‐scale (LSM) mining sites in three mineral‐rich countries, involving gold in Ghana, diamonds in Angola, and both minerals in Tanzania. The focus is on comparing the agency of miners and other residents migrating to, settling in, and making the mining site habitable. Their mobility and settlement patterns reveal an urbanization trend marked by population agglomeration and expanding labour complexity, taking distinct forms at the rush and mature stages of gold and diamond ASM and LSM sites. Citing data from household surveys conducted at 12 mining sites, we trace how 'mineralized urbanization' propels in‐migration, rising localized purchasing power, and proliferating service sector and trade activities, fuelling both urban demographic and economic change along the mining extraction trajectory. LSM and ASM generate synergies as well as detractive forces, depending on the size, age and history of the mining settlement development. What emerges is the differential development of households and settlements through strategic economic manoeuvring and the rough and tumble of happenstance, underlined by a compelling, albeit fluctuating, trajectory of non‐renewable mineralized urbanization.