Suchergebnisse

This research examines variation in the relationships between college expectations, planfulness, and intense adolescent work by socioeconomic factors using data from Add Health ( n = 8,836). Results show that higher college expectations are related to higher odds of intense school-year work among lower social class youth, but lower odds of intense work among youth from higher social class backgrounds. Moreover, planful adolescents are more likely to work intensely during the school year among youth from disadvantaged neighborhoods, but less likely to work intensely among those from advantaged neighborhoods. Results also show less variability in these relationships when considering summer work.

Children with food allergies are bullied at higher rates than the general population. Little research, however, has considered how parents of children with food allergies may be affected by the bullying victimization of their children. This research examines if having a child with food allergies who is bullied relates to parental levels of stress, anxiety, and depression. Data were collected by administering surveys in several online support groups for parents of children with food allergies ( N = 623). Results showed that having a food-allergic child bullied is related to higher levels of stress, anxiety, and depression among parents. Policy implications for health care and school professionals are discussed, with an emphasis on broadening treatment services to include the families of victims of bullying.

The present study examines racial and ethnic variation in the intervening effects of deviant peers on the relationship between receiving a formal label and subsequent deviance. We build on earlier research by distinguishing between violent and nonviolent deviance, drawing on peer network data to directly measure peer deviant behavior, and stratifying analyses for White, Black, and Hispanic adolescents. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), we find that overall, receiving a formal label, in the form of school sanctions, is associated only with later violent deviance but not associated with nonviolent deviance and there was no evidence of mediation by peer deviance or peer violent deviance. Results from stratified analyses for White, Black, and Hispanic adolescents are mixed. Among both White and Hispanic adolescents receiving a formal label was significantly associated with engaging in violent deviance, but this relationship was only partially mediated by peer nonviolent deviance among White adolescents. However, neither peer nonviolent deviance nor peer violence were related to violent deviance among Hispanic adolescents. In further contrast, among Black adolescents receiving a formal label was not significantly associated with engaging in violent deviance, but peer violent deviance did show a positive and significant main effect on violent deviance. Implications for theory and future research are discussed.

Previous research finds adolescent work hours to be associated with increased alcohol use. Most studies, however, fail to account for possible selection effects that lead youth to both work and substance use. Using data from the first two waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (N = 12,620), a fixed effects regression method is employed to control for stable between‐person differences neglected by previous studies. Results show little relationship between work hours and alcohol use when controlling for individual heterogeneity. Results reveal variations, however, by family structure, with work hours being negatively associated with alcohol use among those from single‐parent households. Although exhibiting significant main effects, family and peer processes fail to account for differences by family structure.

This study uses social learning theory to examine whether differential associations with e-cigarette-using peers is related to personal e-cigarette use among youth, and the extent to which this relationship is explained by personal risk perceptions of e-cigarettes. Moreover, this study tests whether the mediation process is moderated by type of e-cigarette user. This study uses a sample of high school seniors from the 2016 Monitoring the Future Study ( N = 2,100), and a subsample of e-cigarette users ( n = 523). Analyses are carried out using OLS and logistic regression. Findings demonstrate that higher levels of peer e-cigarette use are related to higher odds of personal e-cigarette use, but that risk perceptions of e-cigarettes only explain a modest portion of that relationship (about 10%). Furthermore, the mediation process does not appear to vary by type of e-cigarette user. Future directions and policy implications are discussed.