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"Knowledge willforever govern ignorance; and if a people would govern themselves, theymustfirst arm themselves with the power that knowledge brings."James Madison (4th President of the United States, and credited with being the primary author of the U.S. Constitution)The founding fathers of the U.S. Constitution had an abiding faith in the power that knowledge bestows. The notion that "knowledge is power" dates back to the teachings of philosophers (from Bacon to Nietzsche), and was understood and practiced long before that by statesmen, scoundrels, and spies of all ages. The ancient Chinese ruled for millennia by maintaining a monopoly on knowledge and education.

Currently available data on legislative research and analytical services are skimpy and contradictory, largely because of incomplete definitions about what constitutes "research" in a parliamentary setting and also because of the many actors that may be engaged in the enterprise.This paper represents a preliminary step in ascertaining more accurately the extent and location of research services operating in legislatures. It is drawn from a survey designed to obtain broader coverage of research units that may be based outside the parliamentary library, and offers brief vignettes describing several research services to illustrate the variety of such activities and settings.

Since the end or World War II there has been an increased awareness of the expanded and vital role the military must play in the peacetime affairs of the Nation. Because of the threat of nuclear war, this awareness is most apparent in the making and implementation of U.S. foreign policy.

Shipping list no.: 92-171-P. ; Papers presented at a symposium sponsored by the Council of Scholars of the Library of Congress, held Mar. 8-9, 1989. ; Includes bibliographical references and index. ; Mode of access: Internet.