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Cover -- Front matter -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Introduction: European Democracy at the Crossroads -- Part 1 Populism in Europe: Concept and Context -- Chapter 1 Quality of Democracy in Europe -- Chapter 2 Populism: Theoretical Foundations -- Chapter 3 Mapping European Populism and Its Association with Anti-Pluralism: Descriptive Evidence in Time and Space -- Chapter 4 On the Persistence of Radical Right Populism in Europe: The Role of Grievances and Emotions -- Part II Political Participation under Populism: Trends and Limits -- Chapter 5 The Limits of Democratic Competition: Time-Series, Cross-Sectional Evidence of the Asymmetrical Impact of Polarization on Europeans' Political Attitudes and Behavior -- Chapter 6 Populist Voter Profiles in Different Electoral Calls: Lessons from Spain -- Chapter 7 Ideological Congruence between Populist Right Parliamentary Elites and Their Voters: An Analysis of Poland, Sweden, and Germany -- Chapter 8 Internal Sanctions for Rule of Law Breaches under Article 7 TEU: Why Is the EU Dragging Its Feet? -- Part III Populist Parties in Different European Regions -- Chapter 9 Populism in Western versus Eastern Europe -- Chapter 10 Populism in Southern Europe -- Chapter 11 Nordic Populism: Conjoining Ethno-Nationalism and Welfare Chauvinism -- Conclusion: What Lies Ahead -- About the Contributors -- Index -- Back cover.

Over the early 21st century, democracy worldwide has deteriorated significantly. At the same time, new populist forces have appeared that challenge democracies through legal reforms. The stark contrast between Eastern and Western Europe in this respect is the focus of this collection of essays. The authors consider the 2008-2012 economic crisis to be at the root of the success of the populist parties and the rise of cultural backlash against liberal values. In turn, European governments' responses to the crisis—mainly austerity measures demanded by IMF and the EU— help explain desenchantment with the European Union. These policies made the wider public feel that they were being left out of politics, and populist parties promised to return power to them. The contributors argue that polarization of the electorate can set in motion a radicalization that strengthens authoritarians at the expense of democrats. They also demonstrate that Eastern and Western Europe differ in their attitudes to the decline in quality of democracy. The studies consider how satisfied people are with the political changes they witness, and argue that seemingly more authoritarian attitudes in the East explain why people feel more satisfied with a defective democracy that empowers the populist-authoritarian political actors that they support

"Over the early 21st century, democracy worldwide has deteriorated significantly. At the same time, new populist forces have appeared that challenge democracies through legal reforms. The stark contrast between Eastern and Western Europe in this respect is the focus of this collection of essays.The authors consider the 2008-2012 economic crisis to be at the root of the success of the populist parties and the rise of cultural backlash against liberal values. In turn, European governments' responses to the crisis-mainly austerity measures demanded by IMF and the EU- help explain desenchantment with the European Union. These policies made the wider public feel that they were being left out of politics, and populist parties promised to return power to them. The contributors argue that polarization of the electorate can set in motion a radicalization that strengthens authoritarians at the expense of democrats. They also demonstrate that Eastern and Western Europe differ in their attitudes to the decline in quality of democracy. The studies consider how satisfied people are with the political changes they witness, and argue that seemingly more authoritarian attitudes in the East explain why people feel more satisfied with a defective democracy that empowers the populist-authoritarian political actors that they support"--

La relevancia de los principios en los códigos profesionales, y en concreto en Trabajo Social ha sido puesta en cuestión por diversas teorías éticas. El contextualismo pragmático comparte con ellas el rechazo del principialismo porque minusvalora la importancia del agente y su inteligencia en la resolución de los problemas morales; pero al mismo tiempo pone las bases para una reconstrucción del papel de los principios en Trabajo Social al interpretar la ética del Trabajo Social como social y democrática.

Various theories of ethics have called into question the significance of principles in professional codes, and particularly in social work. Pragmatic contextualism shares this rejection of principlism because it underplays the importance of the agent and their intelligence in the resolution of moral problems. However, at the same time it establishes the bases for a reconstruction of the role of principles in social work, by interpreting the ethics of social work as social and democratic. ; La relevancia de los principios en los códigos profesionales, y en concreto en Trabajo Social ha sido puesta en cuestión por diversas teorías éticas. El contextualismo pragmático comparte con ellas el rechazo del principialismo porque minusvalora la importancia del agente y su inteligencia en la resolución de los problemas morales; pero al mismo tiempo pone las bases para una reconstrucción del papel de los principios en Trabajo Social al interpretar la ética del Trabajo Social como social y democrática.

Este trabajo interpreta el auge de los códigos éticos y de la ética profesional desde el punto de vista de su contribución a la formación de una ciudadanía democrática. Se analizan diversos aspectos de la ética profesional desde la perspectiva de una ética del agente para la que bienes, normas y virtudes resultan factores complementarios para el cultivo de la inteligencia y el juicio individual. A través de una concepción de la democracia que la vincula con los hábitos y modos de vida, la ética profesional adquiere una renovada significación como elemento central para la autorrealización personal y la emancipación social. En definitiva, bajo el rótulo del profesionalismo democrático, y de la mano de la filosofía moral y política de Dewey, se muestra que la ética profesional es más que un campo de aplicación, un elemento constituyente de una ética cívica en el marco de una sociedad democrática.

The paper understands the rise of ethical codes and professional ethics from the point of view of their contribution to the formation of a democratic citizenship. Various aspects of professional ethics are analyzed from the perspective of an agent-based ethics for which goods, norms and virtues are complementary factors for intelligence and individual judgment development. Through a conception of democracy understood as a way of life, professional ethics acquire a renewed meaning as a central element for individual self-realization and social emancipation. In short, under the label of democratic professionalism, and following Dewey's moral and political philosophy, it is shown that professional ethics are more than a field of application, a constituent element of a civic ethic within the framework of a democratic society. ; Este trabajo interpreta el auge de los códigos éticos y de la ética profesional desde el punto de vista de su contribución a la formación de una ciudadanía democrática. Se analizan diversos aspectos de la ética profesional desde la perspectiva de una ética del agente para la que bienes, normas y virtudes resultan factores complementarios para el cultivo de la inteligencia y el juicio individual. A través de una concepción de la democracia que la vincula con los hábitos y modos de vida, la ética profesional adquiere una renovada significación como elemento central para la autorrealización personal y la emancipación social. En definitiva, bajo el rótulo del profesionalismo democrático, y de la mano de la filosofía moral y política de Dewey, se muestra que la ética profesional es más que un campo de aplicación, un elemento constituyente de una ética cívica en el marco de una sociedad democrática.

Zimbabwe es uno de los Estados fallidos de África debido a la violencia y el monopolio del poder ejercido por el régimen de Mugabe. Zimbabwe es un Estado fallido a punto de explotar. Robert Mugabe y su partido –el Zimbabwe African National Unity Front – Patriotic Front (ZANU–PF)– llevan en el poder desde la independencia a principios de los ochenta y lo detentan abusando de los resortes del Estado, empleando la violencia y perpetuándose mediante el fraude electoral. Si a esto se añade que la economía del país y la situación humanitaria se deterioran día a día, la situación se convierte en una bomba de relojería, que podría estallar en cualquier momento en forma de guerra civil para la que sólo falta un detonante. Zimbabwe ejemplifica las consecuencias del abuso sin límites del poder y la incapacidad de las presiones internacionales para prevenir el fallo anunciado de un Estado que pone en peligro la estabilidad regional. Este ARI examina las causas estructurales del problema: la violencia y el monopolio del poder detentados por el régimen de Mugabe. También se describe la catastrófica situación social, humanitaria y económica de la población. Con el fondo de las próximas elecciones del 29 de marzo, se estudian las posibilidades de un cambio en la situación que conduzcan al fallo final de Zimbabwe o al inicio de su recuperación.

Suráfrica ha sufrido actos de violencia xenófoba contra población foránea que ha puesto en duda su reputación de país tolerante y a prueba su capacidad para solventar cualquier brote de inestabilidad política. Suráfrica ha sufrido brotes de violencia xenófoba contra población de países vecinos con la excusa de que los inmigrantes son los responsables de la falta de empleos, de la inseguridad y del crimen en el país. El resultado ha sido decenas de muertos, miles de desplazados, campos de refugiados y versiones conspirativas sobre quienes alientan y promueven la xenofobia, que cuestionan la reputación de Suráfrica como país tolerante y de convivencia multicultural y que pone en tela de juicio la capacidad para solventar, de forma inmediata, una crisis que afecta la estabilidad política y económica. Este ARI describe los hechos, analiza la situación en el país, las posibles causas que han generado esta situación y las posibles consecuencias para el futuro.

The advent of multi-racial elections inaugurated democracy in South Africa in 1994. The results of subsequent elections in 1999 and 2004 differed little from those of 1994, except that the Democratic Party gained ground and the National Party lost support. In all three of these elections, there was an important correlation between race and vote. However, although participation in elections has remained high, rates of underlying party identification have significantly decreased over the first decade of democracy. This article uses survey data to analyse changing patterns of underlying support for political parties in South Africa, focusing closely on the African National Congress and the (New) National Party. Evidence is found of an emerging class cleavage that significantly affects party support.

The advent of multi-racial elections inaugurated democracy in South Africa in 1994. The results of subsequent elections in 1999 & 2004 differed little from those of 1994, except that the Democratic Party gained ground & the National Party lost support. In all three of these elections, there was an important correlation between race & vote. However, although participation in elections has remained high, rates of underlying party identification have significantly decreased over the first decade of democracy. This article uses survey data to analyse changing patterns of underlying support for political parties in South Africa, focusing closely on the African National Congress & the (New) National Party. Evidence is found of an emerging class cleavage that significantly affects party support. Tables, Figures, References. [Reprinted by permission of Sage Publications Ltd., copyright 2006.]