N° ISBN - 978-2-7380-1284-5 ; International audience ; Agricultural international policies still base their decision-making process on tools that consider the agri-food system rather stable or, at most, as facing uncertainty conditions. Used tools to support international agricultural policies include future projections of agricultural prices and production– e.g. Agricultural Outlook projections-, which are designed for scenarios where we face risk or uncertainty. However, comparisons between predictions and reality indicate that these approaches are limited. Given the relevance of agricultural international policies for the life of millions and the impact on the environment, including initiatives linked to global environmental change, the framework used to develop such policies has to be clearly defined. We argue that ignorance could be a more appropriate framework in which to base international agricultural policies. This implies that the element of surprise shall be considered as an intrinsic, rather than exceptional, component of the system, and other principles should be introduced.
N° ISBN - 978-2-7380-1284-5 ; International audience ; Agricultural international policies still base their decision-making process on tools that consider the agri-food system rather stable or, at most, as facing uncertainty conditions. Used tools to support international agricultural policies include future projections of agricultural prices and production– e.g. Agricultural Outlook projections-, which are designed for scenarios where we face risk or uncertainty. However, comparisons between predictions and reality indicate that these approaches are limited. Given the relevance of agricultural international policies for the life of millions and the impact on the environment, including initiatives linked to global environmental change, the framework used to develop such policies has to be clearly defined. We argue that ignorance could be a more appropriate framework in which to base international agricultural policies. This implies that the element of surprise shall be considered as an intrinsic, rather than exceptional, component of the system, and other principles should be introduced.
La crisis alimentaria del año 2008 situó en la agenda política, una vez más, uno de los retos globales más importantes que la humanidad debe afrontar: satisfacer el derecho a la alimentación de una manera sostenible. La Soberanía Alimentaria es un concepto, propuesto y desarrollado por numerosas organizaciones campesinas, que puede contribuir al objetivo planteado. No obstante para aumentar el alcance de sus propuestas necesita desarrollar herramientas que permitan fortalecer y sistematizar su discurso en el ámbito internacional. Este artículo trata de apoyar dicho proceso mediante la creación de un panel de indicadores coherente con los principios de la Soberanía Alimentaria, que pueda ser utilizado por gobiernos y organismos multilaterales. Para ello, se ha realizado una profunda revisión de los indicadores ya existentes y que son actualmente utilizados por organismos internacionales en ámbitos diversos como el desarrollo, el medio ambiente y la producción de alimentos. Se han analizado más de 350 grupos de indicadores, clasificándolos en categorías y subcategorías previamente definidas tras un análisis discursivo del concepto de Soberanía Alimentaria. Posteriormente se han analizado los resultados obtenidos seleccionado los indicadores más importantes e identificado las subcategorías para las cuales no hay en la actualidad indicadores adecuados o suficientes ; In 2008, the food crisis put in the political agenda, once again, one of the most urgent global challenges that humanity need to face: fulfilling the right to food for all the humanity in a sustainable way. In this context, Food Sovereignty is a new and increasingly important concept developed and proposed by peasant organizations whose aim is to achieve a new food system that tackles these issues. In order to increase its importance Food Sovereignty proposal needs tools that systematize and reinforce its discourse at the international scale. In this paper we propose a panel of international indicators that is coherent with the Food Sovereignty principles. The indicators panel is designed to be used by governments and multilateral organizations. In order to do so, we have performed a complete revision of currently used indicators by some of the main international organizations on issues as sustainable development, human development, food security, etc. More than 350 groups of indicators have been analyzed. They have been classified in categories and sub-categories previously defined after a discourse analysis of Food Sovereignty concept. Afterwards, we have identified and analyzed some blanks and related problems in the currently used international agriculture and development indicators
La discriminación de las mujeres rurales y la falta de una aplicación efectiva de la legislación sobre la igualdad de género es un fenómeno extendido alrededor del mundo. Las mujeres han sido tradicionalmente las responsables del cuidado y alimentación familiar, en consecuencia han desarrollado tareas productivas que facilitan la combinación de actividades productivas y reproductivas en la explotación agraria. La transformación alimentaria es una de esas actividades que permite a las mujeres tener un trabajo remunerado o complementar la renta agraria en un contexto dónde la mayoría de los trabajos agrícolas están vetados para ellas. Sin embargo, las mujeres suelen estar vinculadas a proyectos que priorizan la producción local y de calidad, y la expansión de la producción industrial de alimentos ha empeorado la situación de las mujeres artesanas alimentarias. En el presente estudio se pretende, mediante el uso de metodologías cualitativas, abordar un diagnóstico de la situación de las mujeres que llevan a cabo proyectos de transformación alimentaria a pequeña escala en España mostrando sus principales dificultades, necesidades y propuestas. ; Rural women's discrimination and the lack of effective implementation of the legislation on gender equality is a phenomenon found around the world. Women have been traditionally the responsible of family care and feeding, thus they have developed productive tasks that allow combining productive and reproductive activities in the farm. Food processing is one of these activities and it allows women to have a paid work or to complement agrarian rents in a context where most of agricultural works are vetoed to them. Nevertheless, women are usually linked to small-scale agricultural projects which prioritize quality and local food production, and the expansion of industrial food systems has worsened the situation of artisan women. In the present research we aimed, through the use of qualitative methodologies, at conducting a diagnosis of the situation of women leading small-scale food transformation projects in Spain while eliciting their main difficulties, needs and claims.
The discourse on alternative agrifood movements / Douglas H. Constance [and others] -- Divergence and convergence in alternative agrifood movements : seeking a path forward / Patricia Allen -- Alternative agrifood movements and social change / Marie-Christine Renard -- Building alliances for food sovereignty : La Viá Campesina, NGOs and social movements / Annette Aureĺie Desmarais, Marta G. Rivera-Ferre, Beatrice Gasco -- Food sovereignty and struggle for land : the experience of the MST in Brazil / Deb́ora Franco Lerrer, Leonilde Servolo de Medeiros -- Food sovereignty and agroecology in the convergence of rural social movements / Peter M. Rosset, Mariá Elena Martińez-Torres -- The transformative agrifood movement in Catalonia : operational divergences in the construction of food sovereignty / Marina Di Masso, Marta G. Rivera-Ferre, Josep-Lluiś Espluga -- Consumer convergence and collective motivations for purchasing ethical products / Michael A. Long, Douglas L. Murray -- Barriers to the local food movement : Ontario's community food projects and the capacity for convergence / Phil Mount [and others] -- Food policy council movement in North America : a convergence of alternative local agrifood interests? / Patrick H. Mooney, Keiko Tanaka, Gabriele Ciciurkaite -- Patchworks of sustainable agriculture standards and metrics in the United States / Jason Konefal, Maki Hatanaka, Douglas H. Constance -- Organic and non-organic farming : is convergence possible? / Bernhard Freyer, Jim Bingen -- Convergence and divergence in alternative agrifood movements / Marta G. Rivera-Ferre, Douglas H. Constance, Marie-Christine Renard
Introduction to the symposium on critical adult education in food movements: learning for transformation in and beyond food movements—the why, where, how and the what next? -- Transformative agroecology learning in Europe: building consciousness, skills and collective capacity for food sovereignty -- Farming for change: developing a participatory curriculum on agroecology, nutrition, climate change and social equity in Malawi and Tanzania -- Multi-actor networks and innovation niches: university training for local Agroecological Dynamization -- What's wrong with permaculture design courses? Brazilian lessons for agroecological movement-building in Canada -- Teaching the territory: agroecological pedagogy and popular movements -- Food sovereignty education across the Americas: multiple origins, converging movements -- Images of work, images of defiance: engaging migrant farm worker voice through community-based arts.
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This book focuses on research that shows the importance of critical adult education for the spread of food sovereignty and agroecology to more people and places. It pays particular attention to the important role that learning, education and pedagogy can play in social transformation for food sovereignty and justicean approach referred to broadly as "Learning for Transformation." It reveals common dynamics and principles that critical education for food sovereignty share in different contexts. The book draws together 8 chapters that offer new critical insights about why, where, and how learning for transformation is being implemented,and what next. Previously published in Agriculture and Human Values Volume 36, issue 3, September 2019 Chapter "Transformative agroecology learning in Europe: building consciousness, skills and collective capacity for food sovereignty" is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
Climate change affects the functioning of all the components of food systems, often in ways that exacerbate existing predicaments and inequalities between regions of the world and groups in society. At the same time, food systems are a major cause for climate change, accounting for a third of all greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, food systems can and should play a much bigger role in climate policies. This policy brief highlights nine actions points for climate change adaptation and mitigation in the food systems. The policy brief shows that numerous practices, technologies, knowledge and social capital already exist for climate action in the food systems, with multiple synergies with other important goals such as the conservation of biodiversity, safeguarding of ecosystem services, sustainable land management and reducing social and gender inequalities. Many of these solutions are presently being applied at local scales around the world, even if not at sufficient levels. Hence, the major effort for unleashing their potential would involve overcoming various technical, political- economic and structural barriers for their much wider application. Some other solutions require research and development investments now but focus on helping us meet the longer-term challenges of climate change on food systems in the second half of this century when most existing food production practices will face unprecedented challenges. In the short term, these pro- poor policy changes and support systems can create a range of positive changes well beyond food systems without delay. In the long-term, investments in research will help ensure food security and ecosystem integrity for coming generations.
The recent context of global food emergency and ecological crisis has increased the relevance of people's struggle for food sovereignty (FSv), which promotes the transformation of the dominant food system and claims 'the right of peoples to healthy and culturally appropriate food produced through ecologically sound and sustainable methods, and their right to define their own food and agriculture systems'. Revisiting two Spanish and Catalan articles developing FSv indicators, this article aims at discussing the need and utility of developing FSv indicators at different territorial levels. Confronting these two territorial scales, the paper also identifies common steps that can facilitate other future processes of building FSv indicators. As a conclusion, the paper suggests that these processes of building indicators can contribute to providing political direction at different geographical scales for the implementation of the FSv proposal. At the same time, they favor the movement's self-reflexivity in its practices while supporting the collective shaping of future actions
Citizen science (CS) is growing quickly, given its potential to enhance knowledge coproduction by diverse participants, generating large and global data sets. However, uneven participation in CS is still an important concern. This work aims to understand (1) participation dynamics in CS and (2) how they are shaped by participation barriers and drivers. We do so by examining participation in CONECT-e, a CS project that uses a wiki-like platform to document traditional ecological knowledge. More precisely, we analyze quantitative data on participants' profile and activity patterns and qualitative data on barriers and drivers of participation. Our findings suggest that overcoming the education, age, and residence participation barriers is challenging even in cocreated CS projects. This is potentially due to issues of perceived self-illegitimacy and low access to information and communication technologies. Our results also point out that participants' alliance with the project's objectives and trust relationships with the project team are important drivers of participation in CS projects. Finally, we also highlight the need to think beyond participation as single actions and rather consider participation diversity in CS as functional diversity in ecosystems, with participants performing a diverse set of interconnected tasks or functions.
The European Commission's recently published 'Farm to Fork' strategy seeks to facilitate a transition towards a sustainable food system. The strategy moves from a linear understanding of the food system towards a more circular view of the system's complex interdependencies. Despite these laudable intentions, it does not follow the guidance of the EU's Group of Chief Scientific Advisors that the path to a more sustainable food system requires 'moving from food as a commodity to food as more of a common good'. Drawing on our recent experience as authors of an Evidence Review Report on the European food system, we discuss how different framings of food shape the development of food policy, using the 'Farm to Fork' strategy as a key example.
