Suchergebnisse

Based on the expert opinions, a leadership was a governance which carried out by someone (individual) including institutions based on deliberation that gave a consensus decisions in the form of right and obligation which must be done as the mandate. Another argument said that a leadership was a society servants (al imamu huwa ngabdu qoumin). In fact, the country that was not Islamic state (under Islamic norms) there was different meaning of a leadership here. A leader would develop based on the basic foundations (norms) of each countries including have different patterns which be expanded by each government systems of its country. For the example, the Republic of Indonesia which embraced Presidential systems with Trias politica models (The typical division is into three branches: a legislature, an executive, and a judiciary) that have its primary tasks and functions. When these branches were not harmonious, it would made imbalance nuances and mutual suspicion among the government institutions.

In effort of the nation surival, a society need a set of educations which are then termed as competence so as to be proffesional, competitive and merit. The basic competence has become the substance of success in live and living. The breakdown of the nation's economy, education, culture and also monetary affairs is not due to the lack of the government power, rather a lack of the basic competence possessed by the political actors, which needs to be questioned. Unfortunately, the prosperity of Indonesian nature can not bring Indonesia to become the master in our own nation, but it does them poverty due to live under pressure of other nation. It has been caused by the lack of the basic competence of our nation in managing, preserving, utilizing the nation's prosperity.

Research was aimed at: 1) analyzing the effect of imported soybean tariff policy on demand, supply, price and import of soybean, 2) analyzing import tariff policy of soybean and effects on related economic units' welfare that covered producer, consumer, and government. Secondary data being used, involving time series of years 1969-2002, analyzed by simultaneous equity system using 2 SLS, continued by analyses of policy simulation and welfare distribution. Import tariff policy produces some effects such as decrease total demand, declined demand for tempe industry, increased demand for tahu industry, decreased demand for ketchup industry, reduced demand for seed, improved supply, decreased farmer level price, inclined wholesale price, increased imported price and descended import. Welfare distribution analysis display that import tariff influences the improvement of producer's surplus and government' income but yields in reduced consumers surplus and economic inefficiency of production and consumption. Higher import tariff implicates higher economic inefficiency as shown by higher netto effect value, showing the decrease of total welfare rate. The most suitable import tariff policy connects to 30% because ratio value of producer's and consumer's surplus and ratio of government income and consumer's surplus remain highest compared to other alternatives