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Abstract
This article investigates the underpinnings of the Austrian image, or nation brand, in the United States. Austria's image has been informed by aesthetic variables since before World War II, and the dissemination of images of natural beauty, Alpine purity, and culture, perfectly captured in tourism posters from the era, were welcome tactics to foster a favorable impression of the newly established Second Republic after World War II. This successfully negated much of the country's immediate, darker past while creating much-needed revenue from tourism. The article presents results from three different studies over time to gauge if these foundations of the Austrian brand in the United States have remained in effect over time: a series of public opinion surveys, a social media analysis, and the results of focus groups conducted specifically with young Americans.

The beginnings of Austrians in America, 1732-1860 -- Growing contacts in an age of mass migration, 1861-1914 -- The age of the World Wars, 1914-1945 -- The American Occupation of Austria and the postwar beginnings of U.S.-Austrian contacts, 1945-1955 -- Quiet invaders: Austrian immigrants to the United States, 1945 to the present -- Austrian-American relations: political, economic, cultural, 1955 to the present.

International audience ; This article reviews the current status of nanotechnology with emphasis on application and related environmental considerations as well as legislation. Application and analysis of nanomaterials in infrastructure (construction, building coatings, and water treatment) is discussed, and in particular nanomaterial release during the lifecycle of these applications. Moreover, possible grouping approaches with regard to ecotoxicological and toxicological properties, and the fate of nanomaterials in the environment are evaluated. In terms of potential exposure, the opportunities that arise from leveraging advances in several key areas, such as water treatment and construction are addressed. Additionally, this review describes challenges with regard to the European Commission's definition of 'nanomaterial'. The revised REACH information requirements, intended to enable a comprehensive risk assessment of nanomaterials, are outlined.

This article reviews the current status of nanotechnology with emphasis on application and related environmental considerations as well as legislation. Application and analysis of nanomaterials in infrastructure (construction, building coatings, and water treatment) is discussed, and in particular nanomaterial release during the lifecycle of these applications. Moreover, possible grouping approaches with regard to ecotoxicological and toxicological properties, and the fate of nanomaterials in the environment are evaluated. In terms of potential exposure, the opportunities that arise from leveraging advances in several key areas, such as water treatment and construction are addressed. Additionally, this review describes challenges with regard to the European Commission's definition of 'nanomaterial'. The revised REACH information requirements, intended to enable a comprehensive risk assessment of nanomaterials, are outlined.

This article reviews the current status of nanotechnology with emphasis on application and related environmental considerations as well as legislation. Application and analysis of nanomaterials in infrastructure (construction, building coatings, and water treatment) is discussed, and in particular nanomaterial release during the lifecycle of these applications. Moreover, possible grouping approaches with regard to ecotoxicological and toxicological properties, and the fate of nanomaterials in the environment are evaluated. In terms of potential exposure, the opportunities that arise from leveraging advances in several key areas, such as water treatment and construction are addressed. Additionally, this review describes challenges with regard to the European Commission's definition of 'nanomaterial'. The revised REACH information requirements, intended to enable a comprehensive risk assessment of nanomaterials, are outlined.