Suchergebnisse

Intro -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- Chapter 1 Risk Assessment for Criminal Justice, Offender Intervention, and Victim Services -- Chapter 2 Assessing the Risk of Future Violent Behavior -- Chapter 3 Creating a Frontline Risk Assessment -- Chapter 4 In-Depth Risk Assessment and Theoretical Explanation -- Chapter 5 Risk Communication -- Chapter 6 Implementing Actuarial Risk Assessment -- Chapter 7 Questions and Answers About the Ontario Domestic Assault Risk Assessment/Domestic Violence Risk Appraisal Guide (ODARA/DVRAG) System -- Appendix A: Scoring Criteria for the Ontario Domestic Assault Risk Assessment (ODARA) -- Appendix B: Sample Risk Assessment Report Summary and Norms for the Ontario Domestic Assault Risk Assessment (ODARA) -- Appendix C: Scoring Criteria for the Domestic Violence Risk Appraisal Guide (DVRAG) -- Appendix D: Sample Risk Assessment Report Summary and Norms for the Domestic Violence Risk Appraisal Guide (DVRAG) -- Appendix E: Practice Case Materials -- Appendix F: Graphical Aids for the Statistical Interpretation of the Ontario Domestic Assault Risk Assessment (ODARA) -- References -- Index -- About the Authors.

Little is known about adolescents' perceptions of interpersonal aggression and the role of traditional social attitudes in these perceptions. Sixteen-year-old students (N = 212) of both sexes rated the seriousness of 9 aurally presented scenarios depicting either sexual or nonsexual, physical aggression. Sex of perpetrator and sex of victim were manipulated partly factorially. Students also reported on their own experiences (as perpetrators and victims) of the aggression portrayed, and completed a measure of traditional sex role ideology. Sexual aggression was rated as more serious than nonsexual physical aggression, especially when involving physical force. Girls gave higher seriousness ratings than did boys. Male-to-female aggression was rated as most serious, and male-to-male aggression, least serious. Self-reported perpetrators tended to give lower ratings of seriousness than did victims. Traditional sex-role attitudes were associated with lower rated seriousness but not with reported perpetration or victimization. Multivariate analyses suggested that the effects of traditional sex-role attitudes could largely be subsumed by the effects of other study variables, especially participant sex. The role of attitudes as a direct cause of interpersonal aggression is discussed along with implications for intervention.

Intro -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- Part I Historical and Methodological Context -- Chapter 1 Historical Perspective and Early Prediction Research -- Chapter 2 Methods and Measurement -- Part II A New Generation of Follow-up Research -- Chapter 3 Mentally Disordered and Other Violent Offenders -- Chapter 4 Sex Offenders -- Part III Development of Actuarial Violence Risk Assessment Tools -- Chapter 5 The Actuarial Prediction of Violence -- Part IV Changing the Practice of Violence Risk Assessment -- Chapter 6 Clinical Judgment -- Chapter 7 Criticisms of Actuarial Risk Assessment -- Part V Altering the Risk of Violence and Final Conclusions -- Chapter 8 Treatment and Management -- Chapter 9 Final Conclusions -- Appendix A Violence Risk Appraisal Guide (VRAG) Items and Norms -- Appendix B Sex Offender Risk Appraisal Guide (SORAG) Items and Norms -- Appendix C Violence Risk Appraisal Guide-Revised (VRAG-R) Items and Norms -- Appendix D Supplementary Scoring Instructions for the Violence Risk Appraisal Guide, Sex Offender Risk Appraisal Guide, and the Violence Risk Appraisal Guide-Revised Items -- Appendix E General Questions About the Violence Risk Appraisal Guide, Sex Offender Risk Appraisal Guide, and the Violence Risk Appraisal Guide-Revised -- Appendix F Prorating and Substituting for Missing Items on the Violence Risk Appraisal Guide, Sex Offender Risk Appraisal Guide, and Violence Risk Appraisal Guide-Revised -- Appendix G Example Psychosocial History Suitable for Scoring the Violence Risk Appraisal Guide, Sex Offender Risk Appraisal Guide, and the Violence Risk Appraisal Guide-Revised -- Appendix H Example Psychosocial History Suitable for Scoring the Violence Risk Appraisal Guide and the Violence Risk Appraisal Guide-Revised.

It is unclear whether deviant sexual preferences distinguish adolescents who commit sex offenses in the same way that such deviance characterizes adult sex offenders. We compared male adolescents (mean age = 15 at the time of a referral sex offense), matched adult sex offenders, and normal men (adult nonoffenders or nonsex offenders). We hypothesized the following: phallometric responses of the adolescents would be similar to those of adult sex offenders and would differ from normals; adolescents with male child victims would exhibit greater evidence of sexual deviance than those whose only victims were female children; among adolescents who had molested children, those with a history of sexual abuse would exhibit more evidence of sexual deviance than those with no such history; and phallometric measures would predict recidivism. With some notable exceptions or qualifications, results confirmed the hypotheses. Phallometry has valid clinical and research uses with adolescent males who commit serious sex offenses.

By some accounts, sex offenders with mental retardation commit sex offenses against children because the offenders lack sexual knowledge or are socially and intellectually immature rather than because of sexually deviant interests. By other accounts, these offenders exhibit pedophilic sexual interests. In this study, phallometrically determined sexual interests, recidivism, and choices of victims of 69 sex offenders with mental retardation are examined and compared with those of 69 sex offenders of average or higher IQ. Consistent with hypotheses, sex offenders with mental retardation exhibit more deviant preferences for prepubertal children, male children, and young children than do the comparison offenders. They are also more likely to have had a prepubertal victim, a prepubertal male victim, and a very young victim. They are no more likely than the comparison offenders to exhibit preferences for extremely coercive sex with children or to exhibit deviant adult activity preferences, nor are they more likely to recidivate violently. Results support the idea that pedophilia is a disorder of neurodevelopment and point to the importance of risk assessments that include assessing sexual preferences among sex offenders with mental retardation.

A number of studies have shown that the probability that a man is homosexual increases with the number of older brothers (but not sisters) born to his mother. This older brother effect suggests that a progressive maternal immunosensitization process is involved in producing homosexual preferences. A recent demonstration of the older brother effect in homosexual pedophilia raises the question of whether it is involved in other anomalous sexual preferences as well. In the present study, phallometric data were gathered from 29 child molesters, 38 rapists, and 11 individuals who had offended against both children and adults. In all groups, a phallometric index of sexual deviance (a relative preference for children or for coercive sex) was positively correlated with the offenders' number of older brothers (but not sisters). These results suggest that the matemal immunosensitization hypothesis may explain some variations in male sexual preferences.