Suchergebnisse

Cover -- Half Title -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of figures -- List of tables -- List of abbreviations of Marx's works cited in the text -- Preface -- Chapter 1 Introduction: Theoretical foundations and measurement of unequal exchange -- 1.1 The cultural hegemony of free trade neoliberalism -- 1.2 The "practical circumstances" of unequal exchange in heterodox and Marxist economics -- 1.3 The theoretical foundations of unequal exchange -- 1.4 Mapping unequal exchange in the actual global economy -- Chapter 2 The heresy of unequal exchange -- 2.1 The antecedent: The dispute between mercantilism and free trade -- 2.1.1 Mercantilism -- 2.1.2 The dogma of free trade and neo-mercantilist exceptions -- 2.2 Structuralist unequal exchange -- 2.2.1 Lewis's dualistic model -- 2.2.2 The "Prebisch-Singer thesis" -- 2.3 Marxist unequal exchange -- 2.3.1 Non-equivalent exchange -- 2.3.2 Unequal exchange and monopoly capitalism -- 2.4 Arghiri Emmanuel's theory of unequal exchange -- 2.5 A taxonomy of the forms of unequal exchange -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Chapter 3 The social algorithm of value -- 3.1 The Marxist debate on abstract labour -- 3.2 Social labour in general -- 3.3 The social algorithm of value -- 3.3.1 The notion of algorithm in Marx's Mathematical Manuscripts31 -- 3.4 The dual nature of substance and form of value -- 3.4.1 The dual nature of abstract labour -- 3.4.2 The dual nature of exchange value -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Chapter 4 The dual measure of value: Money and labour time -- 4.1 "Money as general commodity"1 -- 4.1.1 The simplifying assumption of gold money in Marx's Capital -- 4.1.2 Commodity in general and specific social forms of commodity -- 4.2 The functions of money -- 4.2.1 Money as the medium of circulation -- 4.2.2 Money as the measure of values.

Growth in international trade between countries at different levels of development is one of the main drivers of economic globalization. This phenomenon relates to the new international division of labour in which an Emerging Periphery, hosting the offshoring and outsourcing of world manufacturing, stands between a developed Center and a still backward, Poor Periphery. Following the analysis of the relative and absolute indices of global locational inequality, the effect of the unequal exchange on world income distribution in the last 25 years is investigated. A new methodology based on real currency misalignments and value-added trade is presented, which accounts also for international value transfers within global value chains. The counterfactual test shows that trade value transfers represent a significant source of revenue for the Center diverted from the Peripheries. Unequal exchange widens the opportunity gap between citizens of rich and poor countries through an increase in global locational inequality. Redefining post-pandemic international economic rules should therefore recognize the effect of unequal exchange on global inequality.

Unequal exchange arises when spatial production of value is disjointed from its geographical distribution. A disaggregated monetary model of the world economy is presented on the grounds of Marx's labor theory of value. All the forms of unequal exchange in international trade are explained, on the basis of a coherent definition of the forms of international value of traded commodities. Estimates of value transfers for recent years show the ongoing relevance of the unequal exchange in the modern capitalist world economy. JEL classifications: B51, D46, F63

During the crisis the Italian industry suffered a sharp contraction of output and employment. An opposite trend showed the New Member States (NMS) in Eastern Europe, to which continued the process of industrial relocation of Italian firms. The analysis of Unit Labor Cost (ULC), measured in Purchasing Power Parity, shows that this competitive gap stems from two factors. The first is of real character and relates to the low growth of labor productivity in the Italian industry. The second factor is of a monetary nature and relates to the undervaluation of the exchange rate of the currencies of the NMS with the euro.JEL Classification: F41; F14; F31; E24.Keywords:

Scholarly interest for the impact of technologies on democracy has raised in parallel to the decline of political participation. Technology has often been seen as either one of the causes of the crisis of representative democracy or as a powerful remedy to heal the negative externalities generated by party oligopolies. The study of the impact of new media in party politics or presidential elections dates back the forties (with the outgrowth of radio) and has evolved in cyclical waves until today, covering the emergence of television, the development of global telecommunications, the birth of internet and finally what's popularly called the Web 2.0. The notion of eDemocracy emerges from this dynamic, but is in a league of its own. There is no agreement on many of the terms that one needs to use to dissect its meaning. Scholars diverge on virtually every foundational concept: from the very definition of democracy and interactivity, to the core functions of political parties, to the definition of propaganda as opposed to political communication or to political marketing. As a consequence of this, there is little agreement on both what could be done in theory with eDemocracy and what is actually done in practice. A permanent tension exist between idealtypes and real types in this domain. The aim of this research is to prove this thesis with the largest and most global research unit of political parties web sites at the time of writing. The choice of an information architecture approach has allowed to cover some uncharted territory while providing a first set of data on the structures of the political web (in 2004-2005) for public scrutiny. The core of this research contribution consists in a basic taxonomy and a set of data (on the intentions and on the information architecture) resulting from a 10 years observational research on the early actors of the political web (stricto sensu i.e. 2073 political parties web sites), reviewed with a new degree of detail (through an ad hoc software procedure aiming at dissecting ...

The paper analyses the evolution of hiring in the care economy professions. To this end, a dataset is used that merges information from sample and administrative sources on labour market flows and occupations. Empirical analyses show that over the period 2012-2021 there was an increase in hiring in the care economy sector, albeit with a cyclical dynamic mainly linked to the Covid-19 emergency. However, these occupations are associated with a penalty in terms of work intensity compared to the average for other occupations. Finally, in care economy professions, there is a reduction in gender inequality when measured by the average number of days worked during the year