Suchergebnisse

Este artículo es una revisión y balance de la producción historiográfica sobre el tema de las haciendas azucareras del estado de Morelos. Se presentan, en una síntesis historiográfica, los orígenes de la agroindustria azucarera en la región desde la época colonial, siguiendo su desarrollo a lo largo del siglo XIX y la primera década del XX, atendiendo a sus principales aspectos, tales como la producción, la expansión territorial, la mano de obra y la tecnología azucarera. Se consideran las investigaciones más relevantes sobre el tema, los principales debates que se han generado y algunas consideraciones para la investigación futura.

Alfredo Ávila y Alicia Salmerón (coords.),Partidos, facciones y otras calamidades. Debates y propuestas acerca de los partidos políticos en México, siglo XIX, FCE/Consejo Nacionalpara la Cultura y las Artes/Instituto deInvestigaciones Históricas-UNAM, México,2012, 256 pp.

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Purpose
This study aims to examine the effect of the board of directors (BoD) structure on environmental, social and governance (ESG) performance in publicly traded non-financial firms from the perspective of agency theory, with investors as the principal, the management team as the agent, the BoD as an information system that reduces information asymmetries between them and ESG performance as a shareholder's expectation.


Design/methodology/approach
Sample data is cross-sectional as of January 2023 and includes 1,695 non-financial firms listed in 59 stock markets across 54 countries. Data were sourced from the FactSet Research Systems database. The generalized least squares method was used to run quadratic and exponential models to assess the research hypotheses.


Findings
Results revealed that board size, independence, age, gender diversity and participation on other corporate boards have a nonlinear relationship with ESG performance. Board tenure is the only BoD attribute for which a nonlinear association is not found. This study found that firms with larger boards and more female board members tend to exhibit a stronger commitment to ESG performance. In contrast, companies with a board of directors consisting of independent members, advanced age, service on other corporate boards and CEO duality may struggle to prioritize positive ESG outcomes.


Originality/value
This study contributes to the academic discussion on BoD–ESG by examining nonlinear relationships among a large sample of publicly traded firms; providing results that could be applied internationally; using ESG data that is based on the Sustainability Accounting Standards Board's materiality framework, which identifies key ESG factors for investors; emphasizing the significance of diversity and inclusion within the decision-making bodies of public companies, thereby improving their ESG performance; and supporting the agency theory perspective and suggesting that the effect of board structure on ESG may reflect the board's focus on investors' best interests.

El artículo analiza las relaciones entre el movimiento campesino mexicano, elPartido Comunista y la Internacional Comunista durante los años veinte. Semuestra cómo la política de "frente único" posibilitó la alianza entre agraristasy comunistas en México, misma que colapsó por factores externos (el giro a laizquierda de la Comintern y su política de "clase contra clase") como internos(la represión del gobierno mexicano contra los comunistas y la asimilación delmovimiento campesino a las estructuras oficiales).Palabras clave: Partido Comunista de México, Internacional Comunista, Liga Nacional Campesina, Agrarismo radical, Movimiento campesino, Krestintern.The article analyzes the relationship between the Mexican peasant movement,the Communist Party and the Communist International during the twenties.We show how the policy of "united front" enabled the alliance betweenagrarians and communists in Mexico, which collapsed by external factors (theleft turn of the Comintern and its policy of "class against class") and internal(Mexican government repression against the communists and the assimilationof the peasant movement to official structures).Keywords: Communist Party of Mexico, Communist International, NationalPeasant League, Radical Agrarianism, Peasant Movement, Krestintern