Suchergebnisse

"Nach israelischem Gesetz müssen alle Einwohner des Landes Zugang zu Schutzräumen haben. Die Israelis haben diese Räume in ihren Alltag integriert und in Tanzstudios, Kneipen oder Bethäuser 'verwandelt'. Adam Reynolds fotografierte über zwei Jahre lang diese 'Weltuntergangs-Räume' und öffnet damit ein Fenster in die kollektive Denkweise dieses ständig bedrohten Landes."--

In this paper a comparison of the two planned networks that appear in watershed planning documents for the Lake Champlain basin in 2010 One plan (2010 TMDL) was developed by a regulatory network initiated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and state legislature. The second plan (2010 OFA) was developed by a watershed partnership network spanning the governmental, nonprofit, and business sectors. This paper asks if these two planning networks reify themselves in the plans they create? The extent to which the structural and functional properties of the networks in this study are mirrored in the plans that they produce is measured. Using textual data mining techniques and institutional network analysis the authors examine measures of network centrality, develop a visual analysis of network structures and clusters, and examine statistical comparisons of the task structures found across the two planned networks.Institutional isomorphism theory is used to anticipate and explain any mirroring effects observed in the data. A comparison of policy tool identification, actor characteristics, and task structures for each plan is rendered. Findings suggest evidence of structural isomorphism, but not policy tool isomorphism occurring between the two planning regimes and possible explanations for these findings are given.

In this paper a comparison of the two planned networks that appear in watershed planning documents for the Lake Champlain basin in 2010 One plan (2010 TMDL) was developed by a regulatory network initiated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and state legislature. The second plan (2010 OFA) was developed by a watershed partnership network spanning the governmental, nonprofit, and business sectors. This paper asks if these two planning networks reify themselves in the plans they create? The extent to which the structural and functional properties of the networks in this study are mirrored in the plans that they produce is measured. Using textual data mining techniques and institutional network analysis the authors examine measures of network centrality, develop a visual analysis of network structures and clusters, and examine statistical comparisons of the task structures found across the two planned networks.Institutional isomorphism theory is used to anticipate and explain any mirroring effects observed in the data. A comparison of policy tool identification, actor characteristics, and task structures for each plan is rendered. Findings suggest evidence of structural isomorphism, but not policy tool isomorphism occurring between the two planning regimes and possible explanations for these findings are given.

Market integration (MI) is a complex process through which individuals transition from relatively subsistence-based to market-oriented activities. Changes associated with MI alter the landscapes of individual health and reproductive decision-making. While the consequences of MI are often easily detected, the specific pathways through which MI affects decision-making are context-dependent and under-investigated. We employed an information-theoretic model selection approach to characterize relationships between multiple indicators of MI and three outcomes commonly associated with MI, waist circumference (n = 431), systolic blood pressure (n = 472), and age at first reproduction (n = 974), among adult matrilineal Mosuo participants from 505 households in six villages in southwest China. Different MI indicators, distributed across individual, household, and community levels of social organization, predicted these three outcomes, demonstrating that individuals' personal circumstances, household structure, and community affect how they experience and respond to MI. We emphasize the importance of identifying and measuring multiple context-appropriate indicators of MI across levels of social organization. Theoretical frameworks that situate hypotheses of MI within specific social, cultural, and historical contexts will be most capable of identifying specific pathways through which multiple elements of MI affect different domains of decision making.

Although cooperative social networks are considered key to human evolution, emphasis has usually been placed on the functions of men's cooperative networks. What do women's networks look like? Do they differ from men's networks and what does this suggest about evolutionarily inherited gender differences in reproductive and social strategies? In this paper, we test the 'universal gender differences' hypothesis positing gender-specific network structures against the 'gender reversal' hypothesis that posits that women's networks look more 'masculine' under matriliny. Specifically, we ask whether men's friendship networks are always larger than women's networks and we investigate measures of centrality by gender and descent system. To do so, we use tools from social network analysis and data on men's and women's friendship ties in matrilineal and patrilineal Mosuo communities. In tentative support of the gender reversal hypothesis, we find that women's friendship networks in matriliny are relatively large. Measures of centrality and generalized linear models otherwise reveal greater differences between communities than between men and women. The data and analyses we present are primarily descriptive given limitations of sample size and sampling strategy. Nonetheless, our results provide support for the flexible application of social relationships across genders and clearly challenge the predominant narrative of universal gender differences across space and time.

Transitions to matriliny are said to be relatively rare. This evidence is sometimes used to support arguments that perceive matriliny as a problematic and unstable system of kinship. In this article, we use an evolutionary perspective to trace changes in kinship to and from matriliny among the Mosuo of Southwest China as potentially adaptive. The Mosuo are famous for practicing a relatively rare form of female-biased kinship involving matrilineal descent and inheritance, natalocal residence, and a non-marital reproductive system ('walking marriage' or sese). Less well documented is their patrilineal subpopulation, who practice male-biased, patrilineal inheritance and descent, patrilocal residence, and exclusive marriage. Our analysis supports the existence of a prior transition to matriliny at least a millennium ago among Mosuo residing in the Yongning Basin, followed by a subsequent transition to patriliny among Mosuo residing in the more rugged mountainous terrain near Labai. We argue that these transitions make sense in light of economic, social, and political conditions that disfavor versus favor disproportionate investments in men, in matriliny versus patriliny, respectively. We conclude that additional evidence of such transitions would shed light on explanations of variation in kinship and that convergent approaches involving analysis of genetic, archaeological, and ethnohistorical data would provide holistic understandings of kinship and social change. ; Published version