Suchergebnisse

This article deals with the Chilean Army principles of obedience and non-military deliberation during the 1829 civil war, when two interpretations of these principles were confronted: some soldiers supported the government meanwhile others rebelled against it, arguing that the authorities had violated the constitution.The study concludes that, although there was unity around these principles in theoretical terms, the practical understanding of them was contradictory, which was decisive for the outbreak of war and for the creation of a new constitutional order in Chile. ; Este artículo estudia la definición constitucional del ejército de Chile, los principios de obediencia y no deliberación militar en la guerra civil de 1829, cuando se enfrentaron dos formas de comprender esa fórmula: algunos militares defendieron al gobierno, mientras otros se sublevaron contra él, argumentando que las autoridades habían violado la constitución.El estudio concluye que si bien había unidad en torno a esos principios en términos teóricos, la comprensión práctica de los mismos era contradictoria, lo que fue decisivo para el estallido de la guerra y para la formación del nuevo orden constitucional en Chile. ; Cet article étudie la définition constitutionnelle de l'armée chilienne, les principes d'obéissance et de non délibération militaire dans la guerre civile de 1829, lorsqu'il y a eu la confrontation de deux manières de comprendre cette formule: certains militaires ont défendu le gouvernement, tandis que d'autres se sont révoltés contre lui, arguant que les autorités avaient violé la constitution. L'étude conclut que, bien qu'il y ait une unité autour de ces principes en termes théoriques, leur compréhension pratique était contradictoire, ce qui a été décisif pour le déclenchement de la guerre et pour la formation du nouvel ordre constitutionnel au Chili. ; Este artigo estuda a definição constitucional do exército do Chile, os princípios de obediência e deliberação não militar na guerra civil de 1829, quando duas formas de entender essa fórmula foram enfrentadas: alguns militares defenderam o governo, em quanto outros se revoltaram contra ele, argumentando que as autoridades haviam violado a constituição. O estudo conclui que, embora houvesse união em torno desses princípios em termos teóricos, o entendimento prático deles era contraditório, o que foi decisivo para a eclosão da guerra e para a formação da nova ordem constitucional no Chile.

Recent innovations in conflict and computer research favor generating massive event data using automated coding protocols. Unfortunately, these approaches almost exclusively rely on English-language sources, thus causing problems of coverage bias and misleading inferences. In an effort to attenuate Anglocentrism in event data, we introduce Eventus ID, new software for supervised event coding from text written in Spanish. Drawing on real news reports, the application generates daily georeferenced data on how the military fights organized criminals in Mexico. Performance metrics show that Eventus ID is almost as accurate as humans for coding event data.

"Jacob Gorender's (1922-2013) 1978 book, Colonial Slavery (O Escravismo Colonial), comes alive for English-language readers thanks to Bernd Reiter and Alejandro Reyes' brilliant translation. Gorender argued that slave-holding societies produced an economic system sui generis, not fitting into any of the established societal categories offered by Karl Marx and Max Weber. As such, Gorender proposed a theory of colonial slavery as the structuring force of slave-holding societies. For him, slave-holding societies are different from other societies in that slavery structured them differently. This is of the utmost relevance to this day as it allows for a new and different way to explain contemporary racial inequalities in post-slavery societies. An accomplished interpreter of Brazilian social formation, Gorender was motivated by the need to understand the historical roots of class domination and the emergence of Brazilian capitalist society. His presentation of rich historical data, rigorous theoretical and analytical framework, and militant action as an active member of the Brazilian Communist Party are the hallmarks of his writing. Colonial Slavery: An Abridged Translation is a must-read for researchers, teachers, and students of history, sociology, economics, politics, as well as activists of the Black movement and other movements committed to anti-racism"--

In this investigation is presented as objective to highlight the behave of the State, through the analysis of the juridical consequence, consist in the temporal restriction to the use of certificated digital seals produced in the development of the procedures of fiscal domicile verification processes, as one of the expressions of the exercise of the State police power in the tributary scope. Which imply the exercise of this management power, to approach from different perspectives, like: the essence, object, procedure, and juridical consequences that, likewise, each of them will address its essence and purpose. Analysis made in the light of the human right to the juridical security as a parameter that limits and adjust the legislative authority speech, and the fiscal authority in the application of the law in the exercise of this type of tributary process. ; La presente investigación tiene como objetivo evidenciar el actuar del Estado, mediante el análisis de la consecuencia jurídica consistente en la restricción temporal del uso de certificados de sellos digitales que se produce en el desarrollo de los procedimientos de verificación de domicilio fiscal, como una de las manifestaciones del ejercicio de la potestad de policía del Estado en el ámbito tributario. Ello implica que el ejercicio de esta potestad de gestión se aborde desde sus distintos enfoques, como son: su esencia, objeto, procedimiento y consecuencias jurídicas que, de igual manera, serán tratadas desde la esencia y finalidad de cada una de ellas. Este análisis se realiza a la luz del derecho humano a la seguridad jurídica como parámetro que acota y ajusta el discurso de la autoridad legislativa, y el de la autoridad fiscal en la aplicación de la ley en el ejercicio de este tipo de procedimientos tributarios. ; Nesta pesquisa, o objetivo desta pesquisa é demonstrar a atuação do Estado, por meio da análise da consequência jurídica que consiste na restrição temporária ao uso de certificados de selo digital que ocorre no desenvolvimento dos ...

Administrative procedures for tax supervision and for the fining of tax violations are essential to the State. In order to respect the human right of legal certainty and since the purposes, legal effects and principles governing administrative adjudication procedures can be different in tax supervision cases and those for fining tax violations, this paper argues in favor of separating both procedures under the Mexican tax legislation. ; Los deberes tributarios constituyen una auténtica necesidad pública que impone al Estado la adopción de una serie de procedimientos administrativos para realizar las actividades de fiscalización y sanción de su cumplimiento. Con el fin de asegurar el respeto del principio de seguridad jurídica y toda vez que los fines, las consecuencias jurídicas y los principios rectores de cada uno de estos procedimientos son diferentes, la presente investigación encuentra que estos deben adelantarse y resolverse de forma separada. Se argumenta por la separación del procedimiento administrativo sancionador en materia tributaria de otros procedimientos, como la visita domiciliaria, dentro del cual se encuentra inmerso, con el fin de proteger el derecho humano a la seguridad jurídica.

For more than 40 years, the industrial complex which developed near Huelva (in SW Spain) produced a huge amount of phosphogypsum as a waste product of manufacturing fertilizers. This waste was stockpiled in a stack 25 m high, covering 1200 ha of what was once a salt marsh. The weight of that enormous amount of waste produced active subsidence in the underlying sediment. Part of the sediment was injected into the marginal areas, where the load pressure is minor, causing significant vertical movement in the floor of the estuarine channel. This manuscript describes several surficial features using multibeam echosound. A crest formed by cones and a bulge area could be interpreted as injection structures. The evolution of the topographic position of the floor was also analyzed by comparing different records of the estuarine bed in the margins of the stockpile. The data in this work document the changes in the dynamics of the estuary in relation to these vertical movements. These changes in dynamicsled to erosion and deposition in various areas of the bed ; This research was funded by the project "Balsas de Fosfoyesos", Especial action 2017–2020 of the Junta de Andalucia (Regional government): General Direction of Universities and co-funded by the Ayuntamiento de Huelva (City Council of Huelva). We strongly acknowledge the technical support given by A. Palmeiro from Nautilus Oceanica S.L., who filtered and processed the multibeam records. We also acknowledge the comments of three anonymous reviewers who contributed to substantially improving this article. The help of Alastair Peacocke regarding the English language also improved the original manuscrip

Currently, the most common measurement of empathy is obtained using scales that offer a continuum between a minimum and a maximum value. The objectives of this study were to establish a norm and estimate cut-off points that would make it possible to assess the Jefferson Scale of Empathy (JSE) version for Health Professions students (HPS-version), and to determine its psychometric properties in Chilean physical therapy students. A secondary analysis was done on a data set from three schools of physical therapy ([ n = 850], 412 women [48.5%], and 438 men [51.5%]), applying confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and hierarchical cluster analysis. A CFA replicated the original three-factor model of empathy with sufficiently fit the data. A hierarchical cluster analysis yielded four categories for the level of empathy: high, medium-high, medium-low, and low. Multi-group analyses supported the assumption of a gender-invariant factor structure. Results confirmed the reliability of the global scale (α = .835), and the Perspective Taking (α = .732), Compassionate Care (α = .842), and Walking in Patient's Shoes (α = .686) dimensions. The instrument made it possible to establish four ordinal categories in the level of students' empathy. We conclude that the HPS-version of the JSE has adequate psychometric properties; namely validity, reliability, and cut-off points that justify administering it to Chilean physical therapy students.

Community-based programs may contribute to Latino
pediatric obesity prevention; however, attendance remains low. This study aimed to
identify factors associated with Latino father/male caregiver attendance in family-based
adolescent obesity prevention programs conducted as part of a randomized controlled
trial. The study used cross-sectional data from 137 fathers in the program, involving
eight weekly sessions to improve their children's energy balance-related behaviors.
Evaluation data were collected at baseline and post-intervention. Fathers in a
waitlisted control group attended sessions after post-intervention data collection.
Attendance patterns were identified using cluster analysis: consistently high attendance
(50% of fathers), declining attendance (19%), and non-attendance (31%) clusters.
Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine associations between attendance
patterns and variables. Compared to consistently high attendance, fathers in the
non-attendance cluster were more likely to have been assigned to the control group (odds
ratio [OR] = 7.86, p < 0.001), tended to have lower household income (OR = 2.50, p =
0.098), and attended the program at a site where the program occurred weekdays (OR =
0.35, p = 0.094). Maintaining contact during waiting periods and providing sessions
online or during weekends could reduce non-attendance by enhancing convenience for
low-income fathers working multiple jobs.

Latino children have a disproportionately high prevalence of obesity. Parenting styles and food- and activity-related parenting practices influence children's weight and weight-related behaviors. Fathers are underrepresented in existing healthy lifestyle intervention studies for families. The Padres Preparados, Jóvenes Saludables program was designed with an emphasis on paternal involvement for preventing childhood obesity among early adolescents. It offers eight weekly sessions delivered by Extension educators at community sites, with major topics of parenting skill training, positive parent-adolescent relationships, and healthy lifestyles related to healthy eating, physical activity, and screen time. The current study described pilot testing of the program for feasibility with a small sample of families in the Spring of 2017. Of the thirteen parents enrolled in the program, nine families, including all fathers, completed the program by attending five or more sessions and pre- and post-intervention evaluation sessions. Participant feedback indicated that program satisfaction was high. Participants also reported positive behavioral changes related to dietary intake, food- and activity-related parenting practices, and general parenting style. Findings demonstrated the feasibility of the program for engaging Latino fathers in promoting healthy lifestyle behaviors among early adolescents.