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"The Ethics of War is a much-needed anthology addressing issues both timely and age-old about the nature of war. When is recourse to arms morally justifiable? What moral constraints should apply to military conduct? How can a lasting peace be achieved? Over the past two and a half millennia a substantive body of ethical reflection has emerged in response to these and similar questions. This volume offers a collection of texts by ancient, medieval, and modern thinkers." "Never before have such seminal texts on the ethics of war been gathered together in a single volume. The Ethics of War is an indispensable resource for philosophers, students, and general readers alike."--Jacket

Thinking morally about war in the Middle Ages and today / James Turner Johnson -- Taming warriors in Classical and early Medieval political theory / John Von Heyking -- Augustine and just war : between virtue and duties / Henrik Syse -- Just war, schism, and peace in St. Augustine / Phillip W. Gray -- Is there a "presumption against war" in Aquinas's ethics? / Gregory M. Reichberg -- Poets and politics : just war in Geoffrey Chaucer and Christine de Pizan / Kate L. Forhan -- Reflections on Medieval just war theories : a commentary on part one / Gerson Moreno-Riaño -- Maintaining the protection of noncombatants / James Turner Johnson -- Protecting the natural environment in wartime : ethical considerations from the just war tradition / Gregory M. Reichberg and Henrik Syse -- U.N.-authorized interventions : a slippery slope of forcible interference? / Anne Julie Semb -- Ethical uncertainties of nationalism / Dan Smith -- The sort of nationalism and patriotism that Europe needs / Andreas Follesdal -- Defining and delivering justice : the work of the ad hoc international criminal tribunals / James Meernik -- The legitimacy of anticipatory defense and forcible regime change / Dieter Janssen -- Genocide : a case for the responsibility of the bystander / Arne Johan Vetlesen -- The ethical core of the nation-state : a postscript to part two / J. Peter Burgess

Threats of armed force are frequently employed in international affairs, yet they have received little ethical scrutiny in their own right. This article addresses that deficit by examining how threats, taken as a speech act, require a moral assessment that is distinctive vis-à-vis the actual use of armed force. This is done first by classifying threats within the framework of speech act theory. Then, applying standard just war criteria, we analyze conditional threats of harm under Thomas Schelling's twofold distinction of compellence and deterrence. We aim to show how threats of armed attack, while subject to many of the same evaluative principles as the corresponding use of force, nevertheless have distinctive characteristics of their own. These are outlined under the headings of just cause, ad bellum proportionality, legitimate authority, and right intention. The overall aim is to explain how threats in the international sphere represent a special category that warrants a just war analysis.