Suchergebnisse

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- Figures -- Summary -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- CHAPTER ONE: Introduction -- Organization of This Report -- CHAPTER TWO: Background of Russian Foreign Policy -- Key Interests Underlying Russian Foreign Policy After the Cold War -- Evolution of Russia's Views of the U.S.-Led Order -- Conclusion -- CHAPTER THREE: Russian Views of the Current International Order and Its Components -- Current Views of the International Order -- Russian Views of Components of the International Order -- Conclusion -- CHAPTER FOUR: Alternative Russian Views -- Russian Military Views -- Russian Opposition Views -- Eurasianism and Radical Views -- Conclusion -- CHAPTER FIVE: Conclusion and Policy Implications -- The Open Door and Russia's Sphere of Influence -- Democracy Promotion -- Intervention and Sovereignty -- References

"In this report, RAND researchers present estimates of what costs Russia is incurring as a result of its invasion of Ukraine. As of September 2022, researchers estimated military costs reached $40 billion. Full-year 2022 gross domestic product losses amounted to between $81 billion and $104 billion and full-year financial capital destruction reached $322 billion. Direct military spending may amount to almost $132 billion through 2024. Over the long term, even with a stalemated war, Russia's economy and the standard of living of its people are likely to decline. The main factor sustaining Russia's economy is the export revenue it earns from oil and gas sales. Despite these significant economic losses, RAND researchers judged these costs to be sustainable for the next several years."

Introduction /Stephen J. Flanagan --The Black Sea Region in Russia's Worldview /Stephen J. Flanagan and the Project Team --Russian Measures of Influence Short of Force /Geoffrey Kirkwood and Dara Massicot --The Military Role in Russia's Black Sea Strategy /Clint Reach --Romanian, Bulgarian, and Turkish Views on Russian Strategy and Posture /Anika Binnendijk and Katherine Costello --Western Partners on the Black Sea's Northwestern Shore: Ukraine and Moldova /Irina A. Chindea --The South Caucasus and Black Sea Security /Stephen J. Flanagan, Geoffrey Kirkwood, and the Project Team --Conclusions and Implications for a Countervailing Western Strategy /Stephen J. Flanagan.

Introduction -- A Framework for Analysis of Russia's Grand Strategy -- Russia's Stated Grand Strategy -- Strategy Element: Integrated Threats Require an Integrated Response -- Strategy Element: Russia as Regional Leader -- Strategy Element: Focus on Non-Contact Warfare -- Strategy Element: Limited Expeditionary Ambitions -- Strategy Element: Selective Cooperation and Selective Pushback with the West -- Strategy Element: Rebalance Away from the West -- Conclusions and Implications -- Appendix A: National Security, Defense, and Federal Budget Trends -- Appendix B: Data on State-Directed Political and Economic Engagement.