Suchergebnisse

Good governance is now accepted as a pre-condition for sustainable development. Ensuring better governance of corporations, financial institutions and markets is increasingly recognized in India. However, very little attention has been paid to the governance system of cooperatives, despite their country wide network. The importance of the cooperative sector as a whole remains poorly understood, and its specific governance challenges have yet to be addressed. The Short-term Cooperative Credit Structure is currently undergoing a reform process initiated by the Government of India. It consists of over one lakh primary agricultural cooperative credit societies (PACS). This study was undertaken to find answers to certain question viz., how does democratic governance work in PACS? Do PACS necessarily lose touch with their members over time as they grow, or are there practices that keep member engagement alive? Should democracy be practiced as a policy option, or as a tool that moves the PACS forward to protect the interest of primary stakeholders? Its specific objectives are to study the nature, the emerging issues, and to suggest suitable strategies to strengthen the governance system in sample PACS. Purposive sampling method was used in selecting three PACS surveyed for the study. Results show that there is no organic relationship between the management of PACS and their member users. The nexus between political system and PACS decides the style of functioning of PACS. PACS remain as the channel of the State to deliver its schemes and programmes to the public. The central challenge for governance in PACS remains, how to balance the principle of democratic control and retain the imperative of professional management to safeguard the interest of primary member users.

Considerable attention has been directed toward developing a more complete understanding of innovation adoption by Information Systems (IS) departments. Much of this research has focused on the adoption of technological innovations, and limited research has focused on the adoption of administrative innovations. This paper focuses on an administrative innovation that is increasingly becoming popular among IS departments, namely Total Quality Management (TQM) in systems development. A synthesis of the IS innovation and TQM literatures was conducted to identify environmental, organizational, and task‐related factors that should relate to both the swiftness and the intensity of TQM adoption. The relationships between the identified variables and TQM adoption were examined using data collected from 123 IS departments in Fortune 1000 firms and large government agencies in the U.S. The results indicate that TQM adoption in systems development is influenced by the host organization's quality orientation and factors internal to the IS department including IS management support for quality, the presence of a separate quality assurance function, and the structural complexity of the IS department. Implications of this study for theory, future research, and practice are discussed.

This manuscript reports the design of a low noise variable gain amplifier (VGA) having wide dB linear gain characteristics for a continuous wave (CW) radar. A pseudo-exponential gain control function has been adopted in this VGA for the wide dB-linear behavior. Also, a BJT-based gain stage has been proposed to improve the gain dynamic range and low noise performance due to its higher transconductance/gain and lower flicker noise contribution. This proposed 2-gain stage VGA has been implemented in 130 nm SiGe bipolar complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (BiCMOS) technology. This design performance has been benchmarked by post-layout simulation results. It has demonstrated a voltage-controlled gain from -33.6 dB to 74.4 dB (total 108 dB), with a 97.2 dB linear gain range, input referred noise of 2.4 nV /√Hz, and power consumption of 4.25 mW. This VGA has a 3-dB bandwidth of 10 MHz at a maximum gain of 74.4 dB and 251 MHz at a minimum gain of -33.6 dB with a chip layout area of 0.0682 mm2 . Compared to the latest available CMOS/BiCMOS VGAs in the literature, this proposed VGA has the highest gain dynamic range and dB-linear gain range with minimum input referred noise simultaneously across the operation bandwidth.

This entry has been realised in the framework of the H2020-MSCA-RISE-2018 project "LoGov - Local Government and the Changing Urban-Rural Interplay". LoGov aims to provide solutions for local governments that address the fundamental challenges resulting from urbanisation. To address this complex issue, 18 partners from 17 countries and six continents share their expertise and knowledge in the realms of public law, political science, and public administration. LoGov identifies, evaluates, compares, and shares innovative practices that cope with the impact of changing urban-rural relations in five major local government areas: (1) local responsibilities and public services, (2) local financial arrangements, (3) structure of local government, (4) intergovernmental relations of local governments, and (5) people's participation in local decision-making. The present entry represents the general introduction of the LoGov Report on India providing an overview to the system of local government in the country. To access the full version of the report on India, the various practices in the five above-mentioned areas of interest, and to receive more information about the project, please visit: https://www.logov-rise.eu/. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 823961.