Suchergebnisse

"The study was focussed on the relationships between ethnic self-esteem and various indicators of
intergroup attitudes in a representative sample of adult population of Estonia (N=1142). Attitudinal
variables that discriminated most between persons with high and low ethnic self-esteem were identified.
Among Estonians ethnic self-esteem was related to positive ingroup bias, readiness for outgroup
contact, perceived threat from the outgroup, attitudes to non-Estonian minority, and attitudes toward
minority integration. Among non-Estonians ethnic self-esteem was related to readiness for outgroup
contact, ethnic sterotypes, and various attitudes towards minority integration. An attempt was made
to reconstruct the system of intergroup attidues of prototypical persons with high and low ethnic selfesteem
and to describe psychological implications of high and low ethnic self-esteem for members
of majority and minority groups. Various theoretical models (social identity theory, integrated threat
theory, social dominance theory) were used for interpretation of the results." (author's abstract)

The article focuses on the dynamics of value patterns in Estonia over a period spanning late socialism to liberal market capitalism. The research data is derived from five population surveys 'Work, family and leisure' (WFL), in which value orientations were measured on the basis of Clyde Kluckhohn's conception. The same instrument of life values was used in 1985 (just before the perestroika of Soviet socialist system), in 1993, 1998 and 2003 (during the transition period of post-socialism) and in 2008 (just before the economic crisis in capitalist society). The aim of the study is to differentiate value patterns and observe the trends of their change during this period. The results of hierarchical cluster analysis reveal a clear tendency of structural change: a dichotomy of value profiles on the ethno-linguistic basis in 1985 and 1993 was replaced by a dichotomy of value profiles on the basis of age in 2003 and 2008. The results of multidimensional analysis show a relative stability of the value structure and a change in the meaning of some life values (professional work, close friends). The results are discussed in the context of post-socialist societal transformation.

The present study examines current social representations associated with the origins of the Great War, a major event that has profoundly affected Europe. A survey conducted in 20 European countries (N = 1906 students in social sciences) shows a high consensus: The outbreak of the war is attributed to the warring nations' leaders while the responsibility of the populations is minimized. Building on the concept of social representation of history (Liu & Hilton, 2005), we suggest that the social representations of the Great War fulfill social psychological functions in contemporary Europe. We suggest that WWI may function as a charter for European integration. Their content also suggests a desire to distinguish a positively valued ingroup ("the people") from powerful elites, construed as an outgroup. ; This research was conducted within the framework of COST Action IS1205 "Social psychological dynamics of historical representations in the enlarged European Union. ...

Das International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) ist ein länderübergreifendes, fortlaufendes Umfrageprogramm, das jährlich Erhebungen zu Themen durchführt, die für die Sozialwissenschaften wichtig sind. Das Programm begann 1984 mit vier Gründungsmitgliedern - Australien, Deutschland, Großbritannien und den Vereinigten Staaten - und ist inzwischen auf fast 50 Mitgliedsländer aus aller Welt angewachsen. Da die Umfragen auf Replikationen ausgelegt sind, können die Daten sowohl für länder- als auch für zeitübergreifende Vergleiche genutzt werden. Jedes ISSP-Modul konzentriert sich auf ein bestimmtes Thema, das in regelmäßigen Zeitabständen wiederholt wird. Details zur Durchführung der nationalen ISSP-Umfragen entnehmen Sie bitte der Dokumentation. Die vorliegende Studie konzentriert sich auf Fragen zu nationalem Bewusstsein und nationaler Identität.