Andean waterways: resource politics in the highland Peru
In: Culture, Place, and Nature / Studies in Anthropology and Environment
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In: Culture, Place, and Nature / Studies in Anthropology and Environment
World Affairs Online
In: Rasmussen , M B 2022 , ' Convivencia negociada y gobernanza ambiental en áreas naturales protegidas del Perú ' , Iconos , bind 26 , nr. 72 , s. 161-183 . https://doi.org/10.17141/iconos.72.2022.4953
A central element in multi-scalar and hierarchical environmental governance is the provisional legitimacy of institutional arrangements. This article focuses on the strategies deployed by a sample of protected area managers in Peru in the work with, from, for and sometimes against communities in the search for a negotiated coexistence. Currently, the park-community relationship in Peru is characterized by a strategic approach. Based on interviews and government documents, this text analyzes the strategies and rationalities of environmental governance. An argument is developed about the consolidation of a social contract for conservation understood as the process that allows the establishment of reciprocal recognition between the protected area institution and local organizations. Three elements stand out in the interviews: the legacies of conservation in rural areas, the old and new spaces and mechanisms for participation, and the emergence of new forms of rural organization in relation to protected areas through the formalization of management agreements. It is concluded that each of these elements point to conditions for creating lasting legitimacy in conservation territories; however, these participatory and inclusive mechanisms are also hierarchical institutional spaces due to their emphasis on the creation of incentives.
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In: Iconos: revista de ciencias sociales, Heft 72, S. 161-183
ISSN: 2224-6983
Un elemento central en la gobernanza ambiental multiescalar y jerárquica es la legitimidad provisoria de los arreglos institucionales. Este artículo se enfoca en las estrategias desplegadas por una muestra de jefaturas de áreas naturales protegidas del Perú en su trabajo con, desde, para y a veces contra de las comunidades en la búsqueda de una convivencia negociada. En la actualidad la relación parque-comunidad en el Perú se caracteriza por un acercamiento estratégico. A partir de entrevistas y documentos gubernamentales, en el presente texto se analizan las estrategias y racionalidades de gobernanza ambiental. Se desarrolla un argumento acerca de la consolidación de un contrato social para la conservación entendido como el proceso que permite establecer el reconocimiento recíproco entre la institución de áreas protegidas y las organizaciones locales. Tres elementos destacan en las entrevistas: los legados de la conservación en ámbitos rurales, los viejos y nuevos espacios y mecanismos de participación, y la emergencia de nuevas formas de organización rural en relación con las áreas protegidas a través de la formalización de acuerdos de manejo. Se concluye que cada uno de estos elementos apunta a las condiciones para crear una legitimidad duradera en los territorios de conservación; sin embargo, estos mecanismos participativos e incluyentes también son espacios jerárquicos institucionales debido a su énfasis en la creación de incentivos.
In: Rasmussen , M B 2021 , ' Institutionalizing precarity : Settler identities, national parks and the containment of political spaces in Patagonia ' , Geoforum , vol. 119 , pp. 289-297 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2019.06.005
Enduring frontier spaces are key sites if one seeks to trace the subtle workings of power through the effects of the shifting rationalities of territorial governance. This article focuses on a particular group of people, the descendants of the first settler families to enter an area that would later become one of Argentina's flagship national parks. The figure of the settler occupied a shifting position within the racialized geographies of the protected areas of northwestern Patagonia, a remarkable descent from pioneers consolidating state-space to second-class citizens and tolerated squatters brought low by the institutionalization of precarity. The article asks what it means to be a descendant of settlers during the current period of multicultural recognition and the emergence of territorial claims based on indigenous identities in Argentina. It argues, that while the settlers within the protected area, the pobladores, hold a firm place in the territorial genealogy of Patagonia, they remain in these territories as relics of the past and are thus denied a meaningful existence within the Argentine settler state of the present. Contemporary maps of racialized power in the settler territories condition the politics of subject formation but are also met with resistance as settlers claim rights to full citizenship and recognition of their role as frontier pioneers and state space consolidators. ; Enduring frontier spaces are key sites if one seeks to trace the subtle workings of power through the effects of the shifting rationalities of territorial governance. This article focuses on a particular group of people, the descendants of the first settler families to enter an area that would later become one of Argentina's flagship national parks. The figure of the settler occupied a shifting position within the racialized geographies of the protected areas of northwestern Patagonia, a remarkable descent from pioneers consolidating state-space to second-class citizens and tolerated squatters brought low by the institutionalization of precarity. The article asks what it means to be a descendant of settlers during the current period of multicultural recognition and the emergence of territorial claims based on indigenous identities in Argentina. It argues, that while the settlers within the protected area, the pobladores, hold a firm place in the territorial genealogy of Patagonia, they remain in these territories as relics of the past and are thus denied a meaningful existence within the Argentine settler state of the present. Contemporary maps of racialized power in the settler territories condition the politics of subject formation but are also met with resistance as settlers claim rights to full citizenship and recognition of their role as frontier pioneers and state space consolidators.
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A central element in multi-scalar and hierarchical environmental governance is the provisional legitimacy of institutional arrangements. This article focuses on the strategies deployed by a sample of protected area managers in Peru in the work with, from, for and sometimes against communities in the search for a negotiated coexistence. Currently, the park-community relationship in Peru is characterized by a strategic approach. Based on interviews and government documents, this text analyzes the strategies and rationalities of environmental governance. An argument is developed about the consolidation of a social contract for conservation understood as the process that allows the establishment of reciprocal recognition between the protected area institution and local organizations. Three elements stand out in the interviews: the legacies of conservation in rural areas, the old and new spaces and mechanisms for participation, and the emergence of new forms of rural organization in relation to protected areas through the formalization of management agreements. It is concluded that each of these elements point to conditions for creating lasting legitimacy in conservation territories; however, these participatory and inclusive mechanisms are also hierarchical institutional spaces due to their emphasis on the creation of incentives. ; Un elemento central en la gobernanza ambiental multiescalar y jerárquica es la legitimidad provisoria de los arreglos institucionales. Este artículo se enfoca en las estrategias desplegadas por una muestra de jefaturas de áreas naturales protegidas del Perú en su trabajo con, desde, para y a veces contra de las comunidades en la búsqueda de una convivencia negociada. En la actualidad la relación parque-comunidad en el Perú se caracteriza por un acercamiento estratégico. A partir de entrevistas y documentos gubernamentales, en el presente texto se analizan las estrategias y racionalidades de gobernanza ambiental. Se desarrolla un argumento acerca de la consolidación de un contrato social para la conservación entendido como el proceso que permite establecer el reconocimiento recíproco entre la institución de áreas protegidas y las organizaciones locales. Tres elementos destacan en las entrevistas: los legados de la conservación en ámbitos rurales, los viejos y nuevos espacios y mecanismos de participación, y la emergencia de nuevas formas de organización rural en relación con las áreas protegidas a través de la formalización de acuerdos de manejo. Se concluye que cada uno de estos elementos apunta a las condiciones para crear una legitimidad duradera en los territorios de conservación; sin embargo, estos mecanismos participativos e incluyentes también son espacios jerárquicos institucionales debido a su énfasis en la creación de incentivos. ; Um elemento central na governança ambiental multiescala e hierárquica é a legitimidade provisória dos arranjos institucionais. Este artigo enfoca as estratégias implantadas por uma amostra de chefes de áreas naturais protegidas no Peru em seu trabalho com, desde, para e, às vezes, contra as comunidades na busca por uma coexistência negociada. Atualmente, a relação parque-comunidade no Peru é caracterizada por uma abordagem estratégica. Com base em entrevistas e documentos governamentais, este texto analisa as estratégias e racionalidades da governança ambiental. Desenvolve-se uma argumentação sobre a consolidação de um contrato social de conservação entendido como o processo que permite estabelecer o reconhecimento recíproco entre a instituição das unidades de conservação e as organizações locais. Três elementos se destacam nas entrevistas: os legados da conservação no meio rural, os antigos e novos espaços e mecanismos de participação, e o surgimento de novas formas de organização rural em relação às unidades de conservação por meio da formalização de acordos de gestão. Conclui-se que cada um desses elementos aponta para as condições para se criar uma legitimidade duradoura nos territórios de conservação. No entanto, esses mecanismos participativos e inclusivos também são espaços institucionais hierárquicos devido à sua ênfase na criação de incentivos.
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In: Journal of Latin American studies, Band 52, Heft 1, S. 217-219
ISSN: 1469-767X
In: Canadian journal of development studies: Revue canadienne d'études du développement, Band 41, Heft 1, S. 74-91
ISSN: 2158-9100
In: Journal of Latin American studies, Band 50, Heft 4, S. 986-988
ISSN: 1469-767X
In: World development: the multi-disciplinary international journal devoted to the study and promotion of world development, Band 101, S. 429-440
In: Rasmussen , M B 2017 , ' Tactics of the governed : figures of abandonment in Andean Peru ' , Journal of Latin American Studies , vol. 49 , no. 2 , pp. 327-353 . https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022216X16001826
Abandonment has become a performative idiom in Andean Peru, where it retains its purchase despite the investments of the state. Local development is tied to the desire to be governed. In spite of prolonged state presence, the villages' relationship to authorities is continuously and persistently figured as one of abandonment: villages are abandoned because someone is deliberately holding them in such unfortunate conditions. To figure abandonment in village politics is to draw on this idiom as an effective means of both communicating the historical experience of governance and putting forward morally grounded claims to local authorities. The idiom of abandonment is therefore both effective and affective as a critique of governance and a claim to citizenship. ; Abandonment has become a performative idiom in Andean Peru, where it retains its purchase despite the investments of the state. Local development is tied to the desire to be governed. In spite of prolonged state presence, the villages' relationship to authorities is continuously and persistently figured as one of abandonment: villages are abandoned because someone is deliberately holding them in such unfortunate conditions. To figure abandonment in village politics is to draw on this idiom as an effective means of both communicating the historical experience of governance and putting forward morally grounded claims to local authorities. The idiom of abandonment is therefore both effective and affective as a critique of governance and a claim to citizenship.
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In: Journal of Latin American studies, Band 49, Heft 2, S. 327-353
ISSN: 1469-767X
AbstractAbandonment has become a performative idiom in Andean Peru, where it retains its purchase despite the investments of the state. Local development is tied to the desire to be governed. In spite of prolonged state presence, the villages' relationship to authorities is continuously and persistently figured as one of abandonment: villages are abandoned because someone is deliberately holding them in such unfortunate conditions. To figure abandonment in village politics is to draw on this idiom as an effective means of both communicating the historical experience of governance and putting forward morally grounded claims to local authorities. The idiom of abandonment is therefore both effective and affective as a critique of governance and a claim to citizenship.
In: The journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, Band 22, Heft 2, S. 430-431
ISSN: 1467-9655
In: Latin American perspectives, Band 43, Heft 4, S. 73-86
ISSN: 1552-678X
As in many other parts of the Peruvian Andes, the peasants of rural Recuay report receding glaciers, altered patterns of precipitation, and disappearing species of plants and wildlife among the many things that may unsettle the everyday. Susan Whyte's concept of uncertainty highlights the fact that climate change emerges in different ways in particular situations. It informs water politics and local lives but is not a priori the most important part of the story. Rather than adapting to climate change, people adapt climate change to their social worlds. Así como en varias partes de los Andes peruanos, los campesinos del Recuay rural dan parte de glaciares en retroceso, padrones de precipitación alterados, y la desaparición de especies de plantas y fauna silvestre entre las numerosas cosas que puedan perturbar lo cotidiano. El concepto de Susan Whyte de la incertidumbre acentúa el hecho de que el cambio climático se manifiesta de distintas maneras en situaciones particulares. Informa políticas sobre el agua y las vidas locales pero no es a priori la parte más importante de la historia. En vez de adaptarse al cambio climático, la gente adapta el cambio climático a sus mundos sociales.
In: Journal of Latin American studies, S. 1-27
ISSN: 0022-216X
In: Rasmussen , M B 2016 , ' Unsettling times : living with the changing horizons of the Peruvian Andes ' , Latin American Perspectives , vol. 43 , no. 4 , pp. 73-86 . https://doi.org/10.1177/0094582X16637867
As in many other parts of the Peruvian Andes, the peasants of rural Recuay report receding glaciers, altered patterns of precipitation, and disappearing species of plants and wildlife among the many things that may unsettle the everyday. Susan Whyte's concept of uncertainty highlights the fact that climate change emerges in different ways in particular situations. It informs water politics and local lives but is not a priori the most important part of the story. Rather than adapting to climate change, people adapt climate change to their social worlds. ; As in many other parts of the Peruvian Andes, the peasants of rural Recuay report receding glaciers, altered patterns of precipitation, and disappearing species of plants and wildlife among the many things that may unsettle the everyday. Susan Whyte's concept of uncertainty highlights the fact that climate change emerges in different ways in particular situations. It informs water politics and local lives but is not a priori the most important part of the story. Rather than adapting to climate change, people adapt climate change to their social worlds.
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