Suchergebnisse

The value of cartographic heritage for environmental applications is demonstrated with a test case in the Cen-tral Italian Alps. Land cover changes since the early 19th century are detected from sample maps in Lombardy of the Second Military survey of the Habsburg Empire (1816-1821), available on the portal mapire.eu. They are compared with 1954 aerial surveys and successive land use classification until 2018. Issues as land useclasses homogenization, data vectorization, georeferencing errors are addressed. The dynamics of four main land-use classes (woods, meadows, crops and urbanized areas) are investigated and the potential use of this exercise for hydrological applications is explored. The impact of the observed natural afforestation on changes of hydrological losses due to evapotranspiration and its influence as a likely cause of the decrease of runoff monitored since 1845 in the Adda river basin are assessed. The proposed test case can pave the road of a project extended at European scale, a sort of "CORINE 1800 land use" Geographic Information System which can have several environmental, cartographic and socio-economic applications.

Abstract. Floods are acknowledged as one of the most serious
threats to people's lives and properties worldwide. To mitigate the flood
risk, it is possible to act separately on its components: hazard,
vulnerability, exposure. Emergency management plans can actually provide
effective non-structural practices to decrease both human exposure and
vulnerability. Crowding maps depending on characteristic time patterns,
herein referred to as dynamic exposure maps, represent a valuable tool to
enhance the flood risk management plans. In this paper, the suitability of
mobile phone data to derive crowding maps is discussed. A test case is
provided by a strongly urbanized area subject to frequent flooding located
on the western outskirts of Brescia (northern Italy). Characteristic
exposure spatiotemporal patterns and their uncertainties were detected
with regard to land cover and calendar period. This novel methodology still
deserves verification during real-world flood episodes, even though it
appears to be more reliable than crowdsourcing strategies, and seems to have
potential to better address real-time rescues and relief supplies.

We explore how to address the challenges of adaptation of water resources systems under changing conditions by supporting flexible, resilient and low-regret solutions, coupled with on-going monitoring and evaluation. This will require improved understanding of the linkages between biophysical and social aspects in order to better anticipate the possible future co-evolution of water systems and society. We also present a call to enhance the dialogue and foster the actions of governments, the international scientific community, research funding agencies and additional stakeholders in order to develop effective solutions to support water resources systems adaptation. Finally, we call the scientific community to a renewed and unified effort to deliver an innovative message to stakeholders. Water science is essential to resolve the water crisis, but the effectiveness of solutions depends, inter alia, on the capability of scientists to deliver a new, coherent and technical vision for the future development of water systems.

We explore how to address the challenges of adaptation of water resources systems under changing conditions by supporting flexible, resilient and low-regret solutions, coupled with on-going monitoring and evaluation. This will require improved understanding of the linkages between biophysical and social aspects in order to better anticipate the possible future co-evolution of water systems and society. We also present a call to enhance the dialogue and foster the actions of governments, the international scientific community, research funding agencies and additional stakeholders in order to develop effective solutions to support water resources systems adaptation. Finally, we call the scientific community to a renewed and unified effort to deliver an innovative message to stakeholders. Water science is essential to resolve the water crisis, but the effectiveness of solutions depends, inter alia, on the capability of scientists to deliver a new, coherent and technical vision for the future development of water systems.