Suchergebnisse

As the policy cycle for European cooperation in vocational education and training (VET) is coming to an end in 2020, the need for high-skilled labour is increasingly seen as paramount to ensure future sustainable and inclusive development in Europe. Drawing on Cedefop review and analysis of VET policies and their implementation, this article provides a brief overview of the progress made so far, areas of weakness, and persistent and new challenges ahead. Analysis confirms the gradual but continuous progress being made over the last decade despite the years spent in the long shadow of the financial crisis and the consequent economic and political uncertainty affecting many European countries. While participation to and, importantly, quality of VET varies across national systems, most Member States have progressed towards the achievements set in the Bruges Communique in 2010. This includes improved transparency, quality assurance and permeability of national qualification systems, as well as the enhanced responsiveness of VET provision to labour market needs through the wider recognition of the role of work-based learning and apprenticeship schemes. What is apparent today, more than ever before, is that the European institutional and policy framework represents a unique strength for Member States to focus on the big picture over the long term and make the most of the opportunities that an enhanced cooperation among national systems may offer to improve the overall performance, quality and attractiveness of VET in Europe. ; A medida que el ciclo para la cooperación europea en educación y formación profesional (FP) está llegando a su fin en 2020, la necesidad de mano de obra altamente calificada se considera cada vez más importante para garantizar un futuro desarrollo sostenible e inclusivo en Europa. Basándose en el examen y análisis de Cedefop de las políticas de FP y su implementación, este documento proporciona una breve descripción del progreso realizado hasta el momento, áreas de debilidad y desafíos persistentes y nuevos por delante. El análisis confirma el progreso gradual pero continuo realizado en la última década, a pesar de los años transcurridos a la larga sombra de la crisis financiera y la consiguiente incertidumbre económica y política que afecta a muchos países europeos. Si bien la participación en la FP y, lo que es más importante, su calidad, varían en los diferentes sistemas nacionales, la mayoría de los Estados Miembros han progresado hacia los logros establecidos en el Comunicado de Brujas en 2010. Esto incluye una mayor transparencia, garantía de calidad y permeabilidad de los sistemas nacionales de calificación, así como una mayor capacidad de respuesta de la provisión de FP a las necesidades del mercado laboral, a través de un reconocimiento más amplio del rol del aprendizaje basado en el trabajo y los esquemas de formación. Lo que es evidente hoy, más que nunca, es que el marco institucional y político europeo representa una fuerza única para que los Estados Miembros se centren en el panorama general a largo plazo y aprovechen al máximo las oportunidades que puede ofrecer una mayor cooperación entre los sistemas nacionales para mejorar el rendimiento general, calidad y atractivo de la FP en Europa.

This article is the result of a study aimed at measuring the impact generated by training activity in Italy. This study focuses on training promoted and implemented at a regional level, with particular attention to actions co-financed by the European Social Fund. From an empirical point of view, the most immediate difficulty is related to the political nature of decisions on expenditure. Also, there is the need to determine not a simple correlation between the variables, but a precise bond of causality. The role played by vocational training was analysed within structural models where labour supply and demand are considered as exogenous. The estimates and results obtained show that the regions with the greatest level of investment in training are not those less developed, benefiting from Community financing according to the goals of the European Social Fund. On the contrary, the European Social Fund main beneficiaries are the regions already well advanced with positive labour market indicators.

Since 2003, Italy's legislation on apprenticeships has regulated a scheme under which candidates can obtain upper- and post-secondary-level qualifications – type 1 apprenticeship – that share features with the dual system of vocational education and training (VET) to be found in German-speaking countries. This scheme has never been extensively implemented, not even in the wake of its latest reform in 2015, which made the scheme part of what might be termed the 'Italian dual system'. The Cedefop review of type 1 apprenticeship identifies several challenges related to features of the scheme's governance and design that still hamper its full implementation. In a European perspective, these challenges are common to an emerging approach to apprenticeship, characterised by a lack of clarity about its purpose and place within the education and training system. This may cast a shadow over the educational function of apprenticeships, especially as EU policy is to strengthen their educational value by linking them to schooling and formal qualifications.