Suchergebnisse

This fascinating volume examines the recent increase in subnational environmental policy agreements between different countries, with a particular focus on Germany and the US. Holley Ralston explores why international environmental partnerships are forming at the state level and the factors that both aid and inhibit their long-term success

Christian ashrams in India are examined as a new religious movement strongly influenced by neo-Hindu reformism & nationalism of the nineteenth & early twentieth centuries. The Christian ashram movement developed as a new religious consciousness in a specific Indian historico-social context: ie, it reflected a new worldview of a colonized people seeking liberation from British political & social structures. Ashram leaders correctly perceived & interpreted the social, cultural & political tensions, & gave shape to the movement for change in Christian religious organization & practice. Here, based on 14 months of fieldwork in India between 1983 & 1985, involving participant observation in 20 Hindu & 31 Christian ashrams, the origin, leadership, & ideology of 2 distinct types of Christian ashrams are traced: (1) the evangelical Protestant social service & social action-oriented ashrams, & (2) the Catholic contemplative & monastic-oriented ashrams. It is concluded that the origin, growth, & decline of the Christian ashram movements have depended less on changes in the consciousness of individual Christians & in the intentions of their charismatic leaders than on transformations in the objective conditions of Indian society. AA

Methods are described for studying the metabolic cost of increased and diminished gravitational work done by the human subject during normal locomotion at various speeds and slopes on the treadmill. It is shown that the energy expenditure is a linear function of the gravitational work and, as long as the gait is of a smooth and natural character, appears to be dependent upon the true vertical lift per step multiplied by the number of steps per minute. The true vertical lift is defined as the lift resulting from muscle action, as contrasted with components due to treadmill motion. Methods are also described for recording the vertical and translational motions of the torso during a single step, and for analyzing the flow of mechanical energy into and out of the torso during each phase of the walking cycle. Implications for calculation of efficiency are briefly discussed.