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This study provides some empirical evidence and quantification of differences in labor productivity among industries and countries. Using a recently available data base of value added per worker, country and time fixed effects are estimated first for various industries. Results are subsequently elaborated, to identify some time trends and sectoral profiles by country, which are in turn employed in a cluster analysis, summarizing some salient characteristics of industrial labor productivity in different economies. The empirical exercise is motivated by the possible employment of its findings in the construction of long-run economic growth scenarios, by means of Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) models. It is found that: (a) Manufacturing is normally the fastest growing sector and its performance is strongly correlated with the aggregate productivity growth; (b) differences in the rates of agricultural productivity gains are relatively minor; (c) slow-growing countries are characterized by slow-growing Services.

This paper draws upon Feenstra and Ma (2007, 2008), to develop a model of asymmetric competition between multiproduct firms. The model is used to analyze how cost asymmetry affects the equilibrium, with determination of quantity/price as well as product scope per firm. By treating the number of firms as a continuous variable, the model is extended to account for the endogenous determination of the number of firms in a long-run, monopolistically competitive equilibrium, with free entry by heterogeneous firms.

El Climate Impacts Assessment Model de la Comisión Económica para América Latina. - y el Caribe (ECLAC-CIAM) es una plataforma de modelado creada para evaluar las. - consecuencias económicas del cambio climático en el Caribe, que puede consultarse,. - descargarse e incluso modificarse libremente. La versión disponible es un modelo. - completamente desarrollado que puede utilizarse con facilidad para efectuar ejercicios de. - simulación. En este trabajo se realiza una descripción general del modelo y se presenta. - un ejercicio de simulación a modo de ejemplo. En los resultados del ejercicio se destaca. - que el Caribe es una región muy vulnerable en la que el cambio climático producirá. - consecuencias económicas considerables y negativas

This paper considers the technical aspects and the consequences, in terms of simulation results and policy assessment, of introducing imperfect competition in a CGE model. The modifications to the standard CGE framework needed to model imperfect competition in some industries are briefly discussed. Next, the paper discusses whether, how much and why, those changes may affect the qualitative output of a typical simulation experiment. It is argued that technical choices made in designing the model structure may have a significant impact on the model behavior. This is especially evident when the output of the model, under an imperfect competition closure, is compared with that obtained under a standard closure, assuming perfect competition. As an illustration, a scenario of agricultural trade liberalization under alternative market structures is analyzed.

Abstract This study provides some empirical evidence and quantification of differences in labor productivity among industries and countries. Using a recently available data base of value added per worker, country and time fixed effects are estimated first for various industries. Results are subsequently elaborated, to identify some time trends and sectoral profiles by country, which are in turn employed in a cluster analysis, summarizing some salient characteristics of industrial labor productivity in different economies.