Suchergebnisse

International audience ; To protect against natural hazards in mountainous areas, the French government has implemented a number of forestry and civil engineering works such as check dams in public forests since the 19th century. Specifying each dam's objective and protective functions is the first requirement for their continued maintenance. The potential technical functions of check dams have been clarified in a recent publication (Piton et al. 2016). In the first part of a series of papers on the analysis of the context and objectives, this paper focuses on how they were implemented in public areas by the Water and Forestry Administration from the end of the 19th century to the 1960s. We detail the objectives over time and the geographical locations. This national overview will help managers consider their present local protection structure management problems within an historical perspective.

International audience ; To protect against natural hazards in mountainous areas, the French government has implemented a number of forestry and civil engineering works such as check dams in public forests since the 19th century. Specifying each dam's objective and protective functions is the first requirement for their continued maintenance. The potential technical functions of check dams have been clarified in a recent publication (Piton et al. 2016). In the first part of a series of papers on the analysis of the context and objectives, this paper focuses on how they were implemented in public areas by the Water and Forestry Administration from the end of the 19th century to the 1960s. We detail the objectives over time and the geographical locations. This national overview will help managers consider their present local protection structure management problems within an historical perspective.

International audience ; To protect against natural hazards in mountainous areas, the French government has implemented a number of forestry and civil engineering works such as check dams in public forests since the 19th century. Specifying each dam's objective and protective functions is the first requirement for their continued maintenance. The potential technical functions of check dams have been clarified in a recent publication (Piton et al. 2016). In the first part of a series of papers on the analysis of the context and objectives, this paper focuses on how they were implemented in public areas by the Water and Forestry Administration from the end of the 19th century to the 1960s. We detail the objectives over time and the geographical locations. This national overview will help managers consider their present local protection structure management problems within an historical perspective.

International audience ; To protect against natural hazards in mountainous areas, the French government has implemented a number of forestry and civil engineering works such as check dams in public forests since the 19th century. Specifying each dam's objective and protective functions is the first requirement for their continued maintenance. The potential technical functions of check dams have been clarified in a recent publication (Piton et al. 2016). In the first part of a series of papers on the analysis of the context and objectives, this paper focuses on how they were implemented in public areas by the Water and Forestry Administration from the end of the 19th century to the 1960s. We detail the objectives over time and the geographical locations. This national overview will help managers consider their present local protection structure management problems within an historical perspective.

International audience ; Large operations of torrent control works in the most active catchments have been launched in France by the 1882's mountain areas restoration policy, based on older pioneer works. It first implemented headwater soil and erosion control structures and plantations, although protection structures closer from assets were built on alluvial fans to trap sediment and channelize flows. Soil erosion and the related torrential hazard mitigation continue to be financed by public grants to maintain existing systems and, if necessary, build new ones. The environmental, socio-economic and technical contexts of risk management have changed. The current use of check dams and open check dams in protection strategies may consequently need an update. This paper firstly reviews the historical emergence of check dams and open check dams. It secondly lists their function, i.e., the qualitative effect we can expect they have on hazards in the light of 150 years of tests and trials. The last section gives some perspectives on the use of these structures: why, although complicated and expensive, it worth maintaining some headwater structures? When is it justified to abandon or even dismantled some structures? And finally what seems to be the future way of designing and planning these structures, especially the open check dams? ; La correction torrentielle des torrents les plus actifs a été lancée en France par la politique de restauration des terrains en montagne de 1882 sur la base de travaux pionniers plus anciens. Elle a d'abord mis à profit la correction active des hauts bassins par la lutte contre l'érosion à la source mais a aussi accompagné le développement de la protection passive des enjeux par le piégeage et la canalisation des écoulements dans les zones aval. Cette lutte contre l'érosion et les risques torrentiels induits fait toujours l'objet d'investissements publics pour entretenir les systèmes de protection existants et, si nécessaire, en construire de nouveaux. Les contextes environnementaux, ...