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Although much research has been devoted to urbanization and city growth, urban dynamics also include city decay and renewal. Extant theories and models have been developed to explain these dynamics. They do not, however, fit the experience of China&rsquo ; s &ldquo ; ghost cities&rdquo ; . These cities have been characterized as state-built but minimally inhabited, testimony to planning failure by the monolithic Chinese state. The goal of the article is to provide in-depth insights to China&rsquo ; s ghost city phenomenon and its effects to residents from local stakeholders&rsquo ; perspectives. A review of Shandong&rsquo ; s new Yintan city reveals many ghost city attributes, but its development trajectory was at odds with this stereotype. Yintan&rsquo ; s lack of success was attributable to too little, not too much, state intervention, reflecting limited state capacity to develop and manage the new city by Rushan, the nearby small city seeking to capitalize on the central government&rsquo ; s development imperatives. These distinctive features notwithstanding, generic key drivers of city growth can help explain Yintan&rsquo ; s lack of development, in a sense, reconciling the city&rsquo ; s experience with extant research elsewhere.

Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- About the Authors -- Abbreviations -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- List of Boxes -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- 1.1 Background -- 1.1.1 Liberalization -- 1.1.2 Urbanization -- 1.1.3 Specialization and Globalization -- 1.2 Cities in China -- 1.3 Why This Book? -- 1.4 Themes -- 1.5 Significance of This Book -- 1.6 Organization of This Book -- References -- Chapter 2: Extant Studies: The Dominance of Large Cities -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Theoretical Perspectives -- 2.2.1 Growth Theories -- 2.2.2 Theories Applicable to Urban Development -- 2.2.3 Theories Targeting Urban Development -- 2.2.4 Frameworks -- 2.2.4.1 Institutional Intervention -- 2.2.4.2 The Balanced Scorecard -- 2.2.4.3 Sustainable Urban Development Strategies -- 2.3 Empirical Research on City Development Strategies -- 2.3.1 Industrial Zones -- 2.3.2 City Branding -- 2.3.3 Spatial Arrangement -- 2.3.4 Knowledge-Based Urban Development -- 2.3.5 Building Environment Improvement -- 2.3.6 Stakeholders' Role in Regional Development -- 2.3.7 City Development Planning and Implementation -- 2.3.8 City Development Issues -- 2.4 Research Gap -- 2.5 Integrating Theories -- References -- Chapter 3: The Case Study Approach to City Analysis -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 The Case Study Approach -- 3.3 Documentary Review -- 3.4 Applying the Case Study Method: City Selection -- 3.4.1 City Selection Criteria -- 3.4.2 Cities Selected and Rationale for Selection -- 3.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4: Quanzhou: Reclaiming a Glorious Past -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 History -- 4.3 Administration Structure -- 4.4 Spatial Planning in Quanzhou's Socioeconomic Development -- 4.4.1 Spatial Development in Historical Perspective -- 4.4.2 Development of a Concentric Circle Spatial Layout 1980-1995 -- 4.4.3 From Concentric Circles to Hub-Spoke Spatial Structure, 1995-2008.

Globalisation has arguably been the most discussed topic since the 1970s, and the intensity of discussion peaked in 1995 when the World Trade Organization was formed. As the ideal for growth, globalisation was the tide that lifted all boats. China has been held up as a shining example of a beneficiary of globalisation. The China globalisation model, exemplified by Shenzhen, is founded on production for exports, with inflow of foreign direct investment by transnational corporations bringing in technologies and efficient production methods. The authors analyse case studies of secondary cities, namely Quanzhou, Yiwu and Nanning, to illustrate that alternative globalisation models exist. Quanzhou has had a long history of globalisation, the nature of which changed over the centuries. Its globalisation today leverages the history of earlier phases. The Yiwu model is a contrast to the Shenzhen model in that Yiwu's globalisation represented an extension of its role as a wholesale market benefiting the small traders. Nanning is a good example of state-led globalisation. Findings have demonstrated that other models undoubtedly exist, and that city size is not necessarily indicative of the impact of globalisation. (China/GIGA)

The current study explored the direct and interactive contributions of multidimensional measures of perfectionism and goal orientation in predicting patterns of identity-related self-processing for pre-COVID-19 and during-COVID-19 samples of traditional age (18–22 year old) emerging adult college students ( N = 722). Regression models controlled for age, binary gender, and race, then tested the unique conditional effects and interactions between perfectionism and goal orientation in explaining variability in each of three identity processing styles. After controlling for multiple covariates and hypothesis tests, only a few effects were repeated between the two samples. Those results indicated that a growth-seeking goal orientation was predictive of an informational identity style whereas validation-seeking goal orientation was a significant predictor of diffuse-avoidant and normative identity processing styles. The overall findings suggested that fruitful targets for future intervention studies promoting healthy identity development during the college years might include reducing validation-seeking while strengthening growth-seeking motives.