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This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. ; Searching for Darwinian selection in natural populations has been the focus of a multitude of studies over the last decades. Here we present the 1000 Genomes Selection Browser 1.0 (http://hsb.upf.edu) as a resource for signatures of recent natural selection in modern humans. We have implemented and applied a large number of neutrality tests as well as summary statistics informative for the action of selection such as Tajima's D, CLR, Fay and Wu's H, Fu and Li's F* and D*, XPEHH, ΔiHH, iHS, FST, ΔDAF and XPCLR among others to low coverage sequencing data from the 1000 genomes project (Phase 1; release April 2012). We have implemented a publicly available genome-wide browser to communicate the results from three different populations of West African, Northern European and East Asian ancestry (YRI, CEU, CHB). Information is provided in UCSC-style format to facilitate the integration with the rich UCSC browser tracks and an access page is provided with instructions and for convenient visualization. We believe that this expandable resource will facilitate the interpretation of signals of selection on different temporal, geographical and genomic scales. © 2013 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press. ; Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología (Spain); Direcció General de Recerca, Generalitat de Catalunya (Grup de Recerca Consolidat 2009 SGR 1101); Subprogram BMC [BFU2010-19443 awarded to J.B.]; Post-doctoral scholarship from the Volkswagenstiftung [Az: I/85 198 to J.E.]; Spanish government [BFU-2008-01046; SAF2011-29239]; The Spanish government FPI scholarships [BES-2009-017731 and BES-2011-04502 to G.M.D. and M.P., respectively]; PhD fellowship from 'Acción Estratégica de Salud, en el marco del Plan Nacional de Investigación Científica, Desarrollo e Innovación Tecnológica 2008-2011' from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (to P.L.). Funding for open access charge: Prof. Jaume Bertranpetit. ; Peer Reviewed

Prado-Martinez, Javier et al. ; Most great ape genetic variation remains uncharacterized1,2; however, its study is critical for understanding population history3–6, recombination7, selection8 and susceptibility to disease9,10.Herewe sequence to high coverage a total of 79 wild- and captive-born individuals representing all six great ape species and seven subspecies and report 88.8 million single nucleotide polymorphisms. Our analysis provides support for genetically distinct populations within each species, signals of gene flow, and the split of common chimpanzees into two distinct groups: Nigeria–Cameroon/western and central/ eastern populations.Wefind extensive inbreeding in almost all wild populations, with eastern gorillas being the most extreme. Inferred effective population sizes have varied radically over timein different lineages and this appears to have a profound effect on the genetic diversity at, or close to, genes in almost all species. We discover and assign 1,982 loss-of-function variants throughout the human and great ape lineages, determining that the rate of gene loss has not been different in the human branch compared to other internal branches in the great ape phylogeny. This comprehensive catalogue of great ape genomediversity provides a framework for understanding evolution and a resource for more effective management of wild and captive great ape populations. ; We thank the following funding agencies: ERC Starting Grant (260372) to T.M.-B.; NIH grants HG002385 to E.E.E., R01_HG005226 to K.R.V., A.E.W., M.F.H., L.S. and J.D.W., GM100233 and NSF HOMINID grant 1032255 to D.R. and He.Li.;MICINN(Spain)BFU2011-28549to T.M.-B.,BFU2010-19443to Ja.Be.,Spanish Government and FEDER for grants BFU2009-13409-C02-02 and BFU2012-38236 to A.N. and J.P.-M., Direccio´ General de Recerca, Generalitat de Catalunya (Grup de Recerca Consolidat 2009 SGR 1101) to Ja.Be., D.C., A.N. and T.M.-B.; ERC Advanced Grant (233297) and Max Planck Society to S. Paabo; Danish Council for Independent Research Natural Sciences to H.S.; Spanish Grant (CGL-2010-20170) and Zoo de Barcelona (Beca PRIC) to A.R.-H.; EUPRIM-Net to BPRC; DP1ES022577-04 NIH grant to S.A.T.; NSF Grant 0755823 to M.K.G.; P.G. is supported by the G. Harold and Leila Y. Mathers Foundation. A.N. and T.M.-B. are ICREA Research Investigators (Institut Catala d'Estudis i RecercaAvancats delaGeneralitat deCatalunya). J.P.-M. is supported by the Zoo de Barcelona and l'Ajuntament de Barcelona. ; Peer reviewed