Suchergebnisse

Travel constraints in contemporary Nigeria have affected all sectors of the economy. This trend had impacted on small traders in terms of higher cost of doing business, and individual travel behavior over time. Insecurity and travel time constraints had affected the growth of the entrepreneurial environment in most cities in Nigeria. In some regions trade and commerce have experienced very low performance. In most of the Northern Eastern states and big commercial centers in Kano, markets and commercial activities have remained closed due to high security alerts. Aims: To highlight various travel constraints affecting mobility as a result of the growing insecurity on Nigerian roads. Study Design: This study examines some literature on discrete choice and travel-based models. Place and Duration of Study: Contemporary travel constraints in Nigeria from 2000– 2012, and the growing ethno-religious crisis in different parts of the country. Methodology: Review of literature. Results/observations: The working of these models is effective where the choice set is not constrained, and the independent irrelevant alternatives (IIA) may not include options/alternatives with a "lesser evil" definitions. This is because it is restrictive for behavioural choice, (utility may be ranked). In advanced market economies, infrastructure has been a springboard for creating and enhancing trade hubs that promotes trade and commerce. A high Infrastructure gap exists in less developed countries as a result of fiscal policy problems, high population and the process of prioritizing development programs by the political machineries. Conclusion: In a typical developing country like Nigeria – a low middle income country, most literature has been concerned with the lack of productivity of roads: (i) accessibility, the ability to access safe transport in terms of cost and travel time and (ii) connectivity, to be able connect or link up some volatile routes – in terms of security and other adverse road conditions.