Suchergebnisse

"The World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020, has declared the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak a global pandemic. But in the last 130 years mankind overpassed 5 major pandemic times. We noticed that bioethics has been born at the twilight of the Tuskagee experiment in 1972-1979 the period, needed for the federal research and Belmont report issue. Therefore, Spanish flu pandemic did not benefit from bioethics insights but medical ethics and Hippocrates Oath however influenced doctor's professional ethics. We compare 1918-1919 topics of medical ethics for Spanish flu with 2020 for Coronavirus. We found out that PubMed (nih.gov) recognize some 8 issues for "medical ethics" and "Spanish flu" v. 792 for "medical ethics" and "coronavirus", this is 100 times more. Most frequent key words are researched. Also, there are researched major moral values and bioethical principles that are at stack in pandemic time in order to improve our reactivity and adaptability to such global health problems. The question is that in Spanish flu pandemic when bioethics was not yet an important approach for diversity of values as it is now in 2020 coronavirus pandemic, society and medical system during the First World War was less prepared for ethical solutions of treatment and prevention of a pandemics disease than today. Responsibility, equity and justice must prevail for the treatment and for prevention. Ethics of scarce resources allocation brings the most complicate questions and require for a holistic approach and equity. "

"Novel biotechnologies like brain banking pose a challenge in neurodegenerative diseases research, being not only a step towards a better understanding for these diseases, but also from a bioethical point of view. Brain banks collect tissue for research purposes from deceased persons suffering from neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's or Alzheimes's disease. In order to improve the quality in this research field, confidentiality and a detailed informed consent are aspects that should be emphasized. Moreover, given the fact that the brain collecting takes place during an autopsy, legal aspects also play an important role, hence a legal frame is also needed. The role of the deceased's family should also be taken into account, especially when and how they can decide if the autopsy can be performed in the first place. The research participant should sign a detailed informed consent that must remain the research basis to which extent the collected data should be disclosed. Finally, only a framework of bioethical and legal norms can improve the quality of brain banking research. A comprehensive perspective for brain banking from obtaining, processing, and storage of brain material to bioethical and legal aspects should increase the scarce sapling of brain banking. "

"Introduction. In Romania legal medicine suppose professional activities as forensic pathologist and legal doctor are facing victims that request documenting traumatic lesions if any or sexual abuses, prejudices, working capacity, malpraxis, etc. Objective. The objective of our work is to determine the special kind of doctor-patient relationship in clinical legal medicine and to analyze the ethical influences. Material and methods. More than 1500 cases of medico-legal examinations are performed in the National Institute of Legal Medicine Mina Minovici in Bucharest each year. Most of them are domestic violence requests or car accidents. Discussions. In the late 30 years (Ezechiel JE, Linda LE, JAMA 1992) found out 4 different relationship models that may be applied in medical practice; the paternalistic model (the patient accepts his doctor as his legal and moral representative), informative model (the patient expresses his autonomy), interpretative model (the doctor is a good friend in need) and the deliberative model of self-construction of the knowledge that the patient must have in order to have a voluntary decision. Conclusions. In clinical legal medicine the patient is not only a patient but a victim also. Therefore, the relationship is double folded. With his patient the legal doctor develops initially an informative model, then an interpretative model. With his victim the doctor develops initially a paternalistic approach (passive character type) or an informative one (active character type), usually an interpretative model as most highly requested (What would you do if you were I?) or the deliberative model when evaluating prejudices, etc. "

"Introduction. Child custody judicial course usually are intense conflictual raising a lot of pressure both on adult parents as on children. Always require a forensic psychiatry set-up at the court request and a professional team, legal doctors, psychiatrists, psychologists of adult and children from the legal medicine institution and from the hospital. Children are carefully looked upon separately by psychologists in a special setu-up diregarding intruding and manipulation. Objective of this presentation is to identify ethical aspects of the relationship physician-patient (the adult parent and separate the child) and psychologist-patient (i.e. similar) in custody litigation. Material and methods. We have casuistry with a high diversity of parental alienation in child custody cases. Discussions: Does physicians (psychiatrist or legal doctor) and psychologists uses different ethical models and concepts to approache the adult parent or the child? Forensic psichiatry examinations are completed with psychiatry examination and psychology examination as much as documents examinations which are presented in the dossier. Social inquiry is very important. Conclusions: similar to physician-patient relationship in pediatry, psychologist-minor patient relationship is based on the same moral values and ethical principles: beneficence, nonmaleficence, justice, loialty, trust, mostly in a paternalistic model to sustain always the best interest of the child/children. Lack of autonomy of the minor child creates correlativity obligations to protect his rights and to sustain the best interests of the child as a primary consideration. Beneficence in forensic psychiatry may take into consideration maintaining also beneficial emotional relationships with both parents after the separation. "