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PurposeThe aim of this paper is to test the existence of bubbles for the daily prices of cryptocurrencies Bitcoin and Ethereum and verify if there is a relationship between bubbles and volatility regimes.Design/methodology/approachThe authors test the presence of bubbles with the generalized supremum augmented Dickey–Fuller (GSADF) test using critical values simulated by the bootstrap procedures of Gutierrez (2011), Harvey et al. (2016) and Pedersen and Schütte (2020). Also, the authors estimate Markov regime switching generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity model for these cryptocurrencies.FindingsThe GSADF test result indicates the presence of bubbles for both cryptocurrencies. Simulating critical values by wild-bootstrap, which is robust to non-stationary volatility, leads to the highest number of bubbles in both cryptocurrencies. In addition, based on the estimates of conditional variance models with regime changes, the authors find that the bubbles identified are associated with a regime of low returns volatility, indicating a change in the trade-off between risk and return when the prices of cryptocurrencies differ from their fundamental values.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors knowledge, there are no studies that test the explosive behavior for cryptocurrencies by the GSADF test using the bootstrap method to simulate critical values from the procedures of Harvey et al. (2016) or Pedersen and Schütte (2020). These bootstrapping procedures are robust to heteroscedasticity and avoid the detection of false bubbles. Further, the advantage of Harvey et al. (2016) procedure is the robustness to non-stationary volatility.

Resumo Alterações na taxa de câmbio nominal levam a choques de custos que são repassados em diferentes graus para os índices de preços. Esse trabalho objetiva estimar o grau de repasse cambial para os preços de importação, ao atacado e ao consumidor amplo no Brasil entre 2003 e 2019. A proposta é medir o grau de repasse por meio da estimação de Vetor de Correção de Erros Estrutural baseado em propriedades estatísticas e em restrições dadas pela teoria econômica, incorporando a informação de longo prazo à estimação do repasse cambial. Os resultados obtidos indicam que os graus de repasse cambial aos preços das importações, ao atacado e ao consumidor variam respectivamente entre 76% e 83%, entre 15% e 22%, e entre 9% e 22% no longo prazo.

PurposeBrazil uses the dollar as a vehicle currency to invoice its exports. This fact produces a tendency toward equalizing the prices of products in dollars in the international market and reducing the ability of firms to practice pricing-to-market (PTM). This study aims to evaluate the hypothesis by estimating error correction models in panel data, obtaining estimates of PTM for 25 manufacturing products exported by Brazil between 2010 and 2020.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses the correlated common effect estimator proposed by Pesaran (2006) and Chudik and Pesaran (2015b) to estimate the PTM coefficients.FindingsResults of this study indicate that exporters practice local-currency pricing stability for dollar prices. This study obtains that Brazilian exporters tend to stabilize their dollar price for exports, reducing heterogeneity between destination markets. The results are in agreement with the hypothesis of the prevalence of the coalescing effect of Goldberg and Tille (2008) and lower sensitivity of the markup adjustment to the specific market, as pointed out by Corsetti et al. (2018). The pricing of Brazilian exports in dollars reflects a profit maximization strategy that considers an international price system based on global demand for products.Originality/valueIn addition to analyzing the dollar role in the pricing of Brazilian exports through the triangular decomposition, this study also shows the importance of examining the cross-section dependence of errors, considering the heterogeneous cointegration in export pricing models and producing PTM estimates for short-term and long-term.