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Professor V. Ya. Grosul is a well–known scientist. One of the main directions of his research was the study of the history of Bessarabia and Transnistria. He was the creator of the scientific concept of the historical path of Transnistria and the head of the creative team of the collective monograph "History of the PridnestrovianMoldavianRepublic". He made a great contribution to the development of a number of issues in the history of Pridnestrovye / Transnistria of the 18 th —19 th centuries. V. Ya. Grossul supervised the postgraduate course for the historians at the Shevchenko State University. V. Ya. Grossul brought an important contribution to the historical science of Pridnestrovye / Transnistria.

The article describes the copper coins (puls) minted in the 1360s in the Golden Horde city of Shehr al-Jadida (New City), located in Old Orhei (Republic of Moldova). The article offers a comparative analysis of the results of studying these coins by other scientists. The catalog of the article contains data on 593 coins, including photographs of 164 of them. Coin images of identified varieties of original and imitative puls have been restored and their drawings are presented. The evolution of the use of the "islimi" ornamental substrate technique on the puls of Shehr al-Jadida is presented. Based on a study of stamping dies, a grid of correlations of dies was built and a classification of puls was created. The boundaries of the use of the former Juchid copper puls in re-minting Shehr al-Jadida coins at the early stages of their issue are determined. The criteria distinguishing original issues from imitative ones are revealed. These include the simplified, barbaric nature of the legend and images, as well as the absence of any connection between the stamping dies and the coins of the original issues. An analysis of the die characteristics of the coins of the New City, found in various regions of Moldova and Ukraine, allows us to conclude that the mint of Shehr al-Jadida could work only on the territory of the modern Old Orhei. The article is provided with a large number of illustrations, including previously unpublished varieties of copper puls.

Ad Memoriam

Early Hungarian burials, previously being unidentified in the North-West Black Sea region, were confidently localized in this territory over the past decade. Among them, there is a plane grave near the Frumuşica village, discovered occasionally on the right bank of the Middle Dniester in 1975 and published in 1981 as the Golden Horde burial. The inventory consisted of a knife, a firesteel with fire flint, bone plates on the bow, arrowheads, ornamented bone plates on the quiver, a bone end of the arrowhead. Analysis of the materials showed that the complex from Frumuşica is the burial of a warrior-archer from the early Hungarian migrations period. The commonality of the details of the funerary rite, the identity of the items of the inventory and the chronology of things make it possible to quite definitely attribute this site to the group of Hungarian graves of the first third of the 10th centuries, studied in the North-West Black Sea region).

The article deals with textile finds from Scythian graves found on the left bank of the Lower Dniester. The study of textile and felt from this region was carried out for the first time. The study of woven fragments from five burials showed that they are the remains of linen linings of leather covers for bronze mirrors. It has been established that these covers could be decorated with embroidery or beads. Two other burials contained women's headdresses. The remains of an almost complete, but extremely poor preserved headdress, sewn from linen and felt, made it possible to determine its shape and design. A fragment of a woven belt was preserved in another burial.

This paper presents the results of a study of animal bones from Scythian burials of the second half of the 5th—4th century BC from the cemeteries "Vodovod" and "Garden" near the Glinoe village, Slobodzeya district, on the left bank of the Lower Dniester. The Scythians more often used bull meat (39.2%), a little less often — meat of small cattle (37.3%), and much less often — horse meat (19.6%) as sacrificial food. Horse meat and the hip cut of the carcass of a bull are more often marked in the graves of men; the shoulder — shoulder part of the carcass of a domestic bull were put in the graves of children and women. The vast majority of children's burials were accompanied by the meat of small cattle, mainly sheep. The use of goat meat as sacrificial food is obviously a distinctive feature of the population that created the cemeteries Glinoe/Vodovod and Glinoe/Garden in the second half of the 5th—4th century BC. The lower boundary of the separation of the anterior and posterior shanks in the carcasses of horses, bulls and small cattle obviously passed along the distal row of wrist and tarsal bones, what can be considered a characteristic feature of the funerary rite of the Scythians in the 5th—4th centuries BC. It is noted that the kind of animal and part of the carcass used as sacrificial food are associated with the sex and age of the buried. It is shown that data on the age of cattle and small cattle, as well as horses slaughtered for use as sacrificial food, can be used to determine the time of year when the burials were made.

The papers addresses the graves of the Sabatinovka time, discovered in barrow 3 of the "Rybkhoz" group near Glinoe village, Slobodzeya district, located in the basin of the Krasnaya river on the left bank of the Lower Dniester. In total, 13 burials of the Late Bronze Sabatinovka culture were recorded in the mound, which were sunk into the large mound of a Yamnaya (Pit Graves) cultural and historical community, 12 of them concentrating in a compact group in the southern sector of the mound. Burial 96 is of the greatest interest, accompanied by a deep bowl with an S-shaped profile, combining features of the Komarov and Berezhnovka-Maevka Timber-grave culture. All burials were dated by radiocarbon dating. The Sabatinovka cemetery in barrow Glinoe/Rybkhoz 3 can be dated within 1620—1535 BC according to the combined radiocarbon date, which is quite consistent with the supposed dating of the vessel from grave 96.

The paper deals with 221 burnt stones from the Scythian graves found on the left bank of the Lower Dniester dated to the 5th—2nd centuries BC. All of them, if it was fixed, come from wooden or handmade ritual vessels. Stones of approximately the same size and without traces of processing were used as heating elements. In all cases, traces of burning were recorded — soot spots and characteristic fracturing. Petrological thin sections showed the mineral composition of the rocks and their structural and textural features. These are, as a rule, sandstones and, much less often, other rocks (carbonate, igneous and metamorphic). The vast majority of stones are of local origin, and only a few are imported. At present, it is obvious that the tradition of fumigating graves among the Scythians of the North-West Black Sea region appeared no later than the 5th century BC. Initially, wooden vessels served as containers for red-hot pebbles and organic balms. Starting from the 3rd century BC as vessels for the same pebbles, handmade incense cups began to be used, widely known not only in the cemeteries of the 3rd—2nd centuries BC near the Glinoe Village and in other sites of the Dniester region, but also in a number of other Scythian sites, situated westwards (Dobruja, Lower Danube region) and eastwards (Bug, Dnieper, Crimea, Azov and Don regions). Keywords: Scythians, graves, 5th—2nd centuries BC, left bank of the Lower Dniester, wooden and handmade ritual vessels, petrography, rocks

The article presents the results of 2016 reconnaissance works of the Prut-Dniester Expedition of the Institute for the History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the left bank of the Middle Dniester. The works were aimed at searching for and monitiring Palaeolithic localirties, with particular attention given to stratified sites. A stratified site named Kamenka 7 with Upper Palaeolithic assemblage was discovered near the village Solnechny (Kamensky district). In addition, the team monitored the condition of the stratified Middle Paleolithic site in the grotto of Vikhvatintsy (Vykhvatintsy village, Rybnitsa district). As a result, a previously unknown part of the site with a Middle Paleolithic cultural layer was discovered.