Suchergebnisse

The article presents the results of research aimed at establishing the mechanisms of formation of ultrafine-grained structure
in samples of Supral Al-4.1 wt.% Cu-0.5 wt.% Zr, 1450 and 1460 alloys, containing dispersed particles of zirconium and scandium
aluminides which are effective stabilizers of the microstructure as well as at establishing the peculiarities of its change during
superplastic deformation. It is established that static recrystallization plays an important role in the formation of ultrafine-grained grain
structure with an average grain size d =5 μm in samples of the alloy Al-4.1 wt.% Cu-0.5 wt.% Zr. It takes place during their heating
in air to the test temperature T = 773 K. Finally, the formation of the grain structure in the samples is completed in the initial stages of
their superplastic flow due to the passage of continuous dynamic recrystallization.
It was found that the grain structure in the working parts of the samples of the alloy Al-4.1 wt.% Cu-0.5 wt.% Zr, superplastically
deformed to fracture by hundreds of percent, is ultrafine-grained ( d ≈10 μm) and equiaxed. It is established that recrystallization
annealing of 1450 alloy samples does not lead to the formation of a homogeneous fine-grained structure in them. It is shown that an
almost homogeneous microstructure with an average grain size d =3÷6 μm is created directly during their superplastic deformation at
temperatures of 753, 763, 773, 778K and flow stresses σ = 2,0 ¸ 8,0 MPа to degrees of relative deformation εrel, amounting to 20-50%,
due to the implementation of continuous dynamic recrystallization. During the subsequent stages of the superplastic flow, the average
grain size increases in the working part of the samples of alloy 1450. It is shown that in the samples of alloy 1450, which were deformed
to failure under the optimal conditions, the grains retain an equiaxed shape, and their average size is 10 – 15 μm. It is established that
the ultrafine-grained grain structure in the working parts of samples of alloy 1460 with an average grain size d =5 μm increases
during their superplastic deformation, which is carried out at temperatures in the range T = 753÷853 K and at flow voltages σ equal
to 3.0÷6.0 MPa. It is shown that in samples of alloy 1460, which were deformed to failure by 1000% at Т = 823 К and s = 3,5 MPa,
average grain size d ≈15 μm.

The article presents the results of research aimed at revealing the influence of the main alloying elements on the formation of the initial grain structure, on phase transformations and on structural changes that occur during superplastic deformation of several aluminum alloys. It was possible to form a homogeneous ultrafine-grained structure in samples of alloys Al - 4.1 wt.% Mg - 0.5 wt.% Zr and 1423 due to dynamic recrystallization during their superplastic deformation. It is revealed that the initial microstructure of the 1420T alloy samples is bimodal. The average grain size is approximately 5 μm, in some areas of the working part of the samples there are large elongated grains, the average size of which is approximately equal to 25 μm. The initial structure of alloy 1421 samples is fine-grained, and the initial structure of alloy 1423 samples is multi-grained and coarse-grained. Metallographic studies showed that the grain structure of samples of alloys 1420T, 1421 and 1423 increases slightly during superplastic deformation at high homologous temperatures. Cavitation accumulates in the samples and structural changes occur, which are probably associated with local melting at grain boundaries and at interphase boundaries. It was established that the presence of zirconium and scandium additions in the composition of the samples ensures the formation of an ultrafine-grained structure in them and counteracts the grain growth during superplastic flow. Magnesium and lithium, which are included in the samples of the studied alloys 1420T, 1421 and 1423, form several intermetallic phases with aluminum. These phases are part of mixtures of crystals of peritectic origin, which are localized in the form of layers between some grains. The occurrence of peritectic reactions at high homologous temperatures can be one of the reasons for the partial melting of samples of alloys 1420T, 1421, and 1423 during their superplastic deformation. Partial melting of samples of alloys 1420T, 1421 and 1423 can probably be carried out due to the presence of segregations of magnesium and lithium at the grain boundaries, which lower the melting temperature of the aluminum-based solid solution. Partial melting of samples of alloys 1420T, 1421, and 1423 during their superplastic deformation, which is performed at high homologous temperatures, leads to the formation of cells of a metastable liquid-solid phase at the grain boundaries, the viscous flow of which leads to the formation of fibrous structures due to the development of grain boundary sliding.