Suchergebnisse

AbstractOn the occasion of the 20th anniversary of International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law & Economics, we conduct an extensive review of papers published in this journal that address the economic dimensions of international environmental agreements (IEAs). We focus particularly on the lessons learnt from this body of literature and the implications for the assessment and design of IEAs in relation to goals such as efficiency, effectiveness, and equity. Our key conclusions run as follows. First, at the international level, universal coalitions are more cost-efficient and effective than fragmented regimes, but more difficult to negotiate and less stable. Second, in developing countries, there is need for substantial external funding to cover the short-run costs of environmental compliance. Third, market-based solutions have been increasingly applied in international agreements but with mixed results. For example, cap-and-trade systems have the potential to achieve greenhouse gas emissions reductions and least economic cost. But in the provisioning of water services, private sector solutions often result in outcomes that are unaffordable for low-income groups or nonviable for businesses, suggesting well-designed public–private partnerships. At the international level, Green Bond markets can attract investors for climate and environmental projects, but implementation failures tend to weaken outcomes. Finally, in practical politics, economically optimal designs are rarely achieved. Future applied economic research should therefore critically investigate institutions and the scope for their reform. Gains in knowledge are expected to come from economic analyses taking a broader perspective on "the economy", taking institutions and social and ecological relations into account from the start.

ntroduction: Strategic Governance for Inclusive Development / Nicky R M Pouw and Ad de Bruijne. - S. 481-487. - Urban Water Governance for More Inclusive Development: A Reflection on the 'Waterscapes' of Durban, South Africa / Catherine Sutherland, Dianne Scott and Michaela Hordijk. - S. 488-504. - Big Data for Better Urban Life? - An Exploratory Study of Critical Urban Issues in Two Caribbean Cities: Paramaribo (Suriname) and Port of Spain (Trinidad and Tobago) / Karin Pfeffer, Hebe Verrest and Ate Poorthuis. - S. . - 505-522. - Landscapes of Social Inclusion: Inclusive Value-Chain Collaboration Through the Lenses of Food Sovereignty and Landscape Governance / Mirjam A F Ros-Tonen, Yves-Pierre Benoît Van Leynseele, Anna Laven and Terry Sunderland. - S. 523-540. - Towards an Elaborated Theory of Inclusive Development / Joyeeta Gupta, Nicky R M Pouw and Mirjam A F Ros-Tonen. S. 541-559. - Discourse of Urban Resilience and 'Inclusive Development' in the Johannesburg Growth and Development Strategy 2040 / Elisabeth Peyroux. - S. 560-573. - Machismo and Mamitas at School: Exploring the Agency of Teachers for Social and Gender Justice in Bolivian Education / Mieke T A Lopes Cardozo, Jennifer Sawyer and Maria Luisa Talavera Simoni. S. 574-588. - Contesting Inclusiveness: The Anxieties of Mechanised Fishers Over Social Boundaries in Chennai, South India / Maarten Bavinck, Subramanian Karuppiah and Svein Jentoft. S. 589-605. - Inclusive Growth: Beyond Safety Nets? / Arjan de Haan. - S. 606-622