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[Resumen] La tierra es un factor estratégico de suma importancia en el desarrollo de una determinada región. La tierra ha de ser considerada como un bien capaz de generar crecimiento económico y de la que hay que intentar sacar el máximo provecho. Esta tesis aplica las nuevas tecnologías a procesos de la Administración de Tierras que hasta ahora o bien no se hacían, o bien se hacían de forma rudimentaria. Uno de estos procesos es la ordenación territorial que, por su propia naturaleza, involucra gran cantidad de elementos con información geográfica (parcelas, edificaciones, entorno, .) con los que se realizan operaciones espaciales computacionalmente muy costosas. Para estas tareas se han desarrollado algoritmos de búsqueda heurística que hacen uso de técnicas de computación de altas prestaciones para reducir tiempos de ejecución. También se ha diseñado una arquitectura Web-SIG genérica pero fácilmente adaptable para la resolución de problemas concretos como pueden ser la dinamización de los mercado de tierras y la optimización de la gestión común de parcelas, dos aspectos importantes para el desarrollo rural. Las soluciones desarrolladas hacen uso de estándares y herramientas libres para favorecer la compatibilidad entre sistemas, abaratar costes, promover el e-Government y seguir las directivas de la Unión Europea en temas de información geoespacial. ; [Resumo] A terra é un factor estratéxico de suma importancia no desenvolvemento dunha determinada rexión. A terra ten que ser considerada como un ben capaz de xerar crecemento económico e da que se ten que sacar o máximo proveito. Nesta tese aplícanse as novas tecnoloxías a procesos da Administración de Terras que hasta agora ou ben non se facía, ou ben facíanse de forma rudimentaria. Un destes procesos é a ordenación territorial que, pola súa propia natureza, involucra gran cantidade de elementos con información xeográfica (parcelas, edificacións, entorno, .) cos que realízanse operacións espaciais computacionalmente moi custosas. Para estas tarefas desenvolvéronse algoritmos de busca heurística que fan uso de técnicas de computación de altas prestacións para reducir tempos de execución. Tamén foi deseñada unha arquitecturaWeb-SIX xenérica pero doadamente adaptadable para a resolución de problemas concretos coma a dinamización dos mercados de terras e a optimización da xestión común de parcelas, dous aspectos importantes para o desenvolvemento rural. As solucións desenvolvidas fan uso de estándares e ferramentas libres para favorecer a compatibilidade entre sistemas, abaratar custos, promover o e-Government e seguir as directivas da Unión Europea en temas de información xeoespacial ; [Abstract] Land is a very important strategic factor for the rural development. Land must be considered as a good able to generate economic growth and thus try to take the most of it. This master thesis applies new technologies to Land Administration processes which until now had been done in a rudimentary way or even not done at all. One of these processes is the spatial planning that, by its very nature, involves high number of elements with geographic information (plots, buildings, environment, .) and carry out computationally expensive spatial operations. Heuristic search algorithms have been developed for these issues and they use high performance computing techniques for reducing execution times. A generic architecture of an Web-GIS system has been also designed. It can be easily adapted to specific problems such as the invigoration of land markets and the optimization of common management of plots, two important issues for the rural development. The developed solutions use standards and license-free tools for encourage system compatibilities, reduce costs, support e-Government and follow the European Union directives in geospatial information issues.

PurposeThe paper seeks to provide a consistent theoretical framework to measure national intellectual capital (IC) and also empirical evidence on the core factors which explain countries' IC stocks.Design/methodology/approachA multidisciplinary theoretical framework is provided to underpin research on regional/national IC. Empirical evidence through multivariate methodology is used in order to design a method to extract the national IC drivers which can explain countries' IC stocks in OECD countries in the years 2002, 2003, 2004 and 2005.FindingsTheoretical bases of IC are presented to contribute to expanding territorial IC fundamentals and a regional/national IC model is developed. Results show that technological capability and the governmental policy oriented to business are both key factors in mapping the position of the nation in the IC ranking and both are mainly responsible for the levels of countries' IC.Research limitations/implicationsThe sample was limited to OECD countries.Practical implicationsThe paper is a very useful source of information for policymakers. The paper also opens a necessary debate on the critical areas that need to be reinforced in order to develop regional and national knowledge and national IC platforms. The IC index offered thus explains the key areas in need of improvement in order to upgrade the national IC.Originality/valueTo date, no study has identified the critical IC areas, but rankings have been drawn up with no conclusions at all. This exploratory study adds new empirical evidence to fill this gap in the research.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide a strategic framework and tool to measure and value intellectual capital (IC) in regional clusters.Design/methodology/approachA theoretical cluster strategic framework is presented and cluster fundamentals are discussed for proper model development. Design methodology was used to construct a model which achieves the aforementioned purpose.FindingsThe paper provides a comprehensive model to describe, map, measure and value IC on clusters and systematically control the IC evolution.Research limitationsThe system provided is not an exhaustive use of all the available measures. A more comprehensive practical application on several clusters would be necessary to validate and readapt the model.Practical implicationsA very useful tool of information and practical assessment for IC is provided to cluster agents and policymakers to establish proper strategic initiatives. New ideas about IC measurement in clusters are provided to academia.Originality/valueSo far, no IC cluster model has been designed. This paper fulfils an IC measurement model to help individuals involved in clusters, such as mangers, policymakers, etc.

[Abstract] Rural settlements (RS) are a reality of rural areas. They consist of cluster of buildings and ways of life mainly associated with activities related to agriculture. As economic policies applied in rural development have evolved, the physical delimitation of rural areas has become more important because such areas are recipients of financial support, which depends on an area's characteristics. Thus, it is necessary to formulate a new spatial approach for RS delimitation. The objective of this study is to define spatial criteria for identification and delimitation of the RS to recognize the morphological context of each RS. With respect to methodology, RS in the community of Galicia, Northwestern Spain were studied, and factors for spatial characterization were defined according to experts' evaluations. Subsequently, spatial restrictions and conditions were identified for the delimitation of boundaries. The criteria that this research proposes reveal numerically adjustable factors that can recognize and interpret the morphological characteristics of each RS, which is also evidenced by the results of RS delimitations. It can be concluded that the numerically defined criteria associated with a spatial operation allow the adaptation to the morphological characteristics of any RS, as well as spatial equity by recognizing the differentiation of building structures and land uses of each RS, rather unlike the criteria defined by the law. ; This study was funded by the research project "Geographic information systems for urban planning and planning by optimisation techniques on multicore processors" by Xunta de Galicia and FEDER funds of the European Union (Centro de Investigación de Galicia accreditation 2019–2022, ref. ED431G 2019/01; Consolidation Program of Competitive Reference Groups, ref. ED431C 2021/30). ; Xunta de Galicia; ED431G 2019/01 ; Xunta de Galicia; ED431C 2021/30