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The conditions of urban development are currently changing radically. Technological transformations such as automation and robotization in industrial production are leading to new operating conditions for businesses and employees. New transportation and distribution systems are changing the scale and flow patterns of the urban agglomerations. The effects of the general application of information and communication technologies in everyday life are barely to overlook. Globalization and internationalization as well as the processes of European unification have led to increasing competition betwee

Electrical and Hall resistivity studies have been carried out on a new class of melt-spun, Al-T-R, Al-rich (above 75 at. %) ternary amorphous alloys in order to study the possible correlation between their electronic and enhanced mechanical properties. We find for all these alloys (over 26 of them) the room-temperature Hall coefficient has a negative sign and increases significantly in magnitude with the (T-R) content, which indicates a decrease in the effective carrier concentration. This is consistent with the suggestion that the observed remarkable mechanical properties in these alloys are due to the enhanced strength of the additional local Al-T and AL-R bonds. In these alloys the electrical resistivity at room temperature increases from about 65 μΩ cm for the binary Al90(R)10 amorphous alloys to over 250 μΩ cm on further substitution of Al with less than 15 at. % of T elements. From a systematic study the importance of s-d scattering mechanism and a crossover in the electronic properties from s- to d-band amorphous metal with T substitution are discussed. ; It is our pleasure to acknowledge many valuable discussions with Professor Y. Makino during this work. We also acknowledge the keen interest and many comments on this work from Professor J. S. Munoz, Autonoma University of Barcelona. One of us (M.P.) is thankful to the Spanish Government for support. Work in Sweden has been supported through a research grant from the Swedish Board for Technical Development, STU, under a >ram program> on rapid solidification technology. ; Peer Reviewed

In response to the 2013 Update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics, the Future Circular Collider (FCC) study was launched, as an international collaboration hosted by CERN. This study covers a highest-luminosity high-energy lepton collider (FCC-ee) and an energy-frontier hadron collider (FCC-hh), which could, successively, be installed in the same 100 km tunnel. The scientific capabilities of the integrated FCC programme would serve the worldwide community throughout the 21st century. The FCC study also investigates an LHC energy upgrade, using FCC-hh technology. This document constitutes the second volume of the FCC Conceptual Design Report, devoted to the electron-positron collider FCC-ee. After summarizing the physics discovery opportunities, it presents the accelerator design, performance reach, a staged operation scenario, the underlying technologies, civil engineering, technical infrastructure, and an implementation plan. FCC-ee can be built with today's technology. Most of the FCC-ee infrastructure could be reused for FCC-hh. Combining concepts from past and present lepton colliders and adding a few novel elements, the FCC-ee design promises outstandingly high luminosity. This will make the FCC-ee a unique precision instrument to study the heaviest known particles (Z, W and H bosons and the top quark), offering great direct and indirect sensitivity to new physics. ; European Union [654305, 764879, 730871, 777563]; FP7 [312453] ; Open access article ; This item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at repository@u.library.arizona.edu.