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This paper focuses on measuring technical efficiency of National Innovation System across a sample of the European Union (EU) countries using data envelopment analysis. We used an output-oriented constant returns to scale model to calculate the efficiency of the units represented by the European Union countries. This nonparametric method measures efficiency of input utilisation as compared to the achieved outputs during the consumption process. Following previous studies on this topic, we have used the number of researchers and the expenditures on research and development (R&D) as inputs and published scientific journal articles and applied patents as outputs of the model. Stemming from the available data, we have covered the period of 2005– 2016. This period covers the economic period before the financial crisis and economic recession in which it was necessary to use resources effectively for the maximisation of final production. The study also presents data representing the era of growth trend in European economy. The only efficient countries in our study as of 2016 were found to be Cyprus, Luxembourg, Malta, and Romania. The number of efficient units decreased from six countries measured in 2005 from among the eight calculated in the years of the economic crisis to four efficient decision-making units (DMUs) in 2015. Germany, the best performer in the European Union with respect to patent rankings, was classified as an inefficient unit with a 0.50 efficiency scale. The results indicate differences between the innovation performance investigated by various indices available in public databases and the DEA technical efficiency. The best performers can be considered as inefficient in the utilisation of resources entering the National Innovation System (NIS) for which technical efficiency is examined in the present study. © Foundation of International Studies, 2019.

Online shopping has become increasingly popular in the past two decades. Yet, despite its popularity, the use of online stores on the African continent pales in comparison to other parts of the world. Moreover, in many economic contexts in Africa and including Ghana, there has been very limited research on the subject of online adoption and in particular, the fundamental factors that can influence its initial adoption, especially among young and relatively educated consumers who constitute the largest demographic group there. We, therefore, make a determined effort to fill this growing knowledge gap by exploring some fundamental factors associated to shop online by young and educated consumers. This exploratory research draws on the stimulus-organism-response (SOR) framework and focuses on five variables of interest namely perceived ease of use, government support infrastructure, and economic considerations about pricing, perceived convenience and use intentions of online retail stores. Evidence collected from 294 research participants provides support for our research propositions Finally, our research contributions and future study directions are considered in the concluding part of the paper. © 2020 by the author. ; Internal Grant Agency of FaME through TBU in Zlin The Impact of Digital Transformation On Consumer Behaviour and Firm's Sustainable Performance [IGA/FaME/2019/008, IGA/FaME/2020/002]; project NPU I RVO-Digital Transformation and its Impact on Customer Behavioural and Business Processes in Traditional and Online markets [MSMT-7778/2018]