Suchergebnisse

Presented paper concerns the participation of education institutions in civic budgets. According to the primary idea, civic budget should realize the interest of nonformal groups of residents. However, we can observe significant activities of formal groups and institutions – especially educational ones. The first part of the paper concerns legal aspects of participation of educational institutions in civic budgets. In the following parts, the author presents case studies of Łódź and Płock. In those cities, the activities of educational institutions in civic budgets are especially noticeable. The main purpose of the article is to present the pros and cons of activities of educational institutions in civic budgets. The main research method used in the article was content analysis. The results of the analysis showed that participation of education institutions in participatory budgeting may cause undesirable situations. Moreover, their involvement may hinder the participation of other groups.

The purpose of this paper is to try to answer the question: what importance in Russian-EU relations had to take over by the Crimea and involve them in the destabilization of Ukraine, as well as to indicate possible scenarios for the further development of these relations. It will be necessary to analyze the relationship between Russia and the European Union before 2013, which will be devoted to the first part of the work. Then the relationship between the two entities after 2013 will be presented. It is particularly important in this case to draw attention to the consequences of the sanctions imposed by the European Union on Russia, as well as the frequency and nature of meetings and contacts between the two entities. The final part of the article is an attempt to identify possible directions for the development of relations between Russia and the European Union

The purpose of this paper is to try to answer the question: what importance in Russian-EU relations had to take over by the Crimea and involve them in the destabilization of Ukraine, as well as to indicate possible scenarios for the further development of these relations. It will be necessary to analyze the relationship between Russia and the European Union before 2013, which will be devoted to the first part of the work. Then the relationship between the two entities after 2013 will be presented. It is particularly important in this case to draw attention to the consequences of the sanctions imposed by the European Union on Russia, as well as the frequency and nature of meetings and contacts between the two entities. The final part of the article is an attempt to identify possible directions for the development of relations between Russia and the European Union

The purpose of this paper is to try to answer the question: what importance in Russian-EU relations had to take over by the Crimea and involve them in the destabilization of Ukraine, as well as to indicate possible scenarios for the further development of these relations. It will be necessary to analyze the relationship between Russia and the European Union before 2013, which will be devoted to the first part of the work. Then the relationship between the two entities after 2013 will be presented. It is particularly important in this case to draw attention to the consequences of the sanctions imposed by the European Union on Russia, as well as the frequency and nature of meetings and contacts between the two entities. The final part of the article is an attempt to identify possible directions for the development of relations between Russia and the European Union

The dispute which concerns the size of municipalities and administrative division of countries is constantly current in academic debate and also in political actions. These issues are especially important for areas which have limited experience and practice of democracy and self government. An example of this type of area is Poland, where self government has de facto a short history, therefore a lot of global trends and solution in this issue are implemented with delays. The most significant change in Poland was the public administration reform in 1999 which reduced the number of provinces (voivodships) and restored counties. After implementation of these reforms there were a lot of discussion of scientists and politicians about further reducing of number of voivodeship. Currently an important issue is the separation of the area of Warsaw city from the Mazovia voivodeship. The main imperfection of previous considerations and research on this issue in Poland is the conviction about some well-worn myths such as statement, that small municipalities perform their tasks much better than bigger units. The book of Paweł Swianiewicz, Adam Gendźwiłł, Julita Łukomska and Anna Kurniewicz is noteworthy and innovatory attempt of explanation of the relationship between the effectiveness of functioning of municipalities and their size.

The dispute which concerns the size of municipalities and administrative division of countries is constantly current in academic debate and also in political actions. These issues are especially important for areas which have limited experience and practice of democracy and self government. An example of this type of area is Poland, where self government has de facto a short history, therefore a lot of global trends and solution in this issue are implemented with delays. The most significant change in Poland was the public administration reform in 1999 which reduced the number of provinces (voivodships) and restored counties. After implementation of these reforms there were a lot of discussion of scientists and politicians about further reducing of number of voivodeship. Currently an important issue is the separation of the area of Warsaw city from the Mazovia voivodeship. The main imperfection of previous considerations and research on this issue in Poland is the conviction about some well-worn myths such as statement, that small municipalities perform their tasks much better than bigger units. The book of Paweł Swianiewicz, Adam Gendźwiłł, Julita Łukomska and Anna Kurniewicz is noteworthy and innovatory attempt of explanation of the relationship between the effectiveness of functioning of municipalities and their size.

The domain of policymaking, which used to be limited to small groups of specialists, is now increasingly opening up to the participation of wide collectives, which are not only influencing government decisions, but also enhancing citizen engagement and transparency, improving service delivery and gathering the distributed wisdom of diverse participants. Although collective intelligence has become a more common approach to policymaking, the studies on this subject have not been conducted in a systematic way. Nevertheless, we hypothesized that methods and strategies specific to different types of studies in this field could be identified and analyzed. Based on a systematic literature review, as well as qualitative and statistical analyses, we identified 15 methods and revealed the dependencies between them. The review indicated the most popular approaches, and the underrepresented ones that can inspire future research.