Suchergebnisse

National audience ; Parmi les méthodes de modélisation/simulation, les systèmes multi-agents présentent un intérêt particulier pour simuler les systèmes complexes. Lorsque la taille des modèles croît, le recours aux systèmes multi-agents parallèles est nécessaire mais pose de nombreux problèmes. Dans cet article, nous nous intéressons à l'impact de la synchronisation sur la définition des modèles et leur exécution. Nous mettons en évidence des problématiques de synchronisation à travers des instances de modèles puis nous analysons expérimentalement l'impact des politiques de synchronisation sur des exécutions de grande taille.

National audience ; Parmi les méthodes de modélisation/simulation, les systèmes multi-agents présentent un intérêt particulier pour simuler les systèmes complexes. Lorsque la taille des modèles croît, le recours aux systèmes multi-agents parallèles est nécessaire mais pose de nombreux problèmes. Dans cet article, nous nous intéressons à l'impact de la synchronisation sur la définition des modèles et leur exécution. Nous mettons en évidence des problématiques de synchronisation à travers des instances de modèles puis nous analysons expérimentalement l'impact des politiques de synchronisation sur des exécutions de grande taille.

National audience ; Parmi les méthodes de modélisation/simulation, les systèmes multi-agents présentent un intérêt particulier pour simuler les systèmes complexes. Lorsque la taille des modèles croît, le recours aux systèmes multi-agents parallèles est nécessaire mais pose de nombreux problèmes. Dans cet article, nous nous intéressons à l'impact de la synchronisation sur la définition des modèles et leur exécution. Nous mettons en évidence des problématiques de synchronisation à travers des instances de modèles puis nous analysons expérimentalement l'impact des politiques de synchronisation sur des exécutions de grande taille.

Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of Cronartium spp. (non-EU), a well-defined and distinguishable group of fungal pathogens of the family Cronartiaceae. There are at least 40 species described within the Cronartium genus, of which two are considered native to the EU (C. gentianeum and C. pini) and one has been introduced in the 19th century (C. ribicola) and is now widespread in the EU - these three species are thus not part of this pest categorisation. In addition, the non-EU C. harknessii, C. kurilense and C. sahoanum were already dealt with in a previous pest categorisation. All the non-EU Cronartium species are not known to be present in the EU and are regulated in Council Directive 2000/29/EC (Annex IAI) as harmful organisms whose introduction into the EU is banned. Cronartium spp. are biotrophic obligate plant pathogens. Many of the North American Cronartium species alternate between the aecial host Pinus spp. and telial hosts of various dicotyledonous plants. C. conigenum, C. orientale, C. quercuum and C. strobilinum have different Quercus spp. as their telial hosts. C. orientale and C. quercuum also infect Castanea spp. and Castanopsis spp. The pathogens could enter the EU via host plants for planting and cut flowers and branches. Non-EU Cronartium spp. could establish in the EU, as climatic conditions are favourable to many of them and Pinus and Quercus spp. are common. The pathogens would be able to spread following establishment by movement of host plants, as well as natural spread. Should non-EU Cronartium spp. be introduced in the EU, impacts can be expected on pine, oak and chestnut woodlands, plantations, ornamental trees and nurseries. The Cronartium species present in North America cause important tree diseases. Symptoms on Pinus spp. differ between Cronartium spp., but include galls, cankers, dieback of branches and stems, deformity, tree and cone death. The main knowledge gap concerns the limited available information on (sub)tropical Cronartium spp. The criteria assessed by the Panelfor consideration of Cronartium spp. (non-EU) as potential quarantine pests are met, while, for regulated non-quarantine pests, the criterion on the pest presence in the EU is not met. (c) 2018 European Food Safety Authority. EFSA Journal published by John Wiley and Sons Ltd on behalf of European Food Safety Authority.

BackgroundExperimental and clinical evidence supports the role of inflammation in atherosclerosis and its complications. Colchicine is an orally administered, potent antiinflammatory medication that is indicated for the treatment of gout and pericarditis.MethodsWe performed a randomized, double-blind trial involving patients recruited within 30 days after a myocardial infarction. The patients were randomly assigned to receive either low-dose colchicine (0.5 mg once daily) or placebo. The primary efficacy end point was a composite of death from cardiovascular causes, resuscitated cardiac arrest, myocardial infarction, stroke, or urgent hospitalization for angina leading to coronary revascularization. The components of the primary end point and safety were also assessed.ResultsA total of 4745 patients were enrolled; 2366 patients were assigned to the colchicine group, and 2379 to the placebo group. Patients were followed for a median of 22.6 months. The primary end point occurred in 5.5% of the patients in the colchicine group, as compared with 7.1% of those in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.61 to 0.96; P = 0.02). The hazard ratios were 0.84 (95% CI, 0.46 to 1.52) for death from cardiovascular causes, 0.83 (95% CI, 0.25 to 2.73) for resuscitated cardiac arrest, 0.91 (95% CI, 0.68 to 1.21) for myocardial infarction, 0.26 (95% CI, 0.10 to 0.70) for stroke, and 0.50 (95% CI, 0.31 to 0.81) for urgent hospitalization for angina leading to coronary revascularization. Diarrhea was reported in 9.7% of the patients in the colchicine group and in 8.9% of those in the placebo group (P = 0.35). Pneumonia was reported as a serious adverse event in 0.9% of the patients in the colchicine group and in 0.4% of those in the placebo group (P = 0.03).ConclusionsAmong patients with a recent myocardial infarction, colchicine at a dose of 0.5 mg daily led to a significantly lower risk of ischemic cardiovascular events than placebo. (Funded by the Government of Quebec and others; COLCOT ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02551094.).