Suchergebnisse

Macroeconomic stability in 2020 was negatively affected by Covid-19 in 2020, although inflation remained low under 4 per cent. The budget deficit increased sharply (from 3.36 per cent of GDP in 20196 to 4.49 per cent of GDP in 20207) due to an increase in government spending for pandemic-related financial support for citizens and businesses. Accordingly, debt indicators for 2020, namely public debt (as percentage of GDP), foreign debt (as percentage of GDP), government debt payments to total budget revenue, and foreign debt repayment (as percentage of total exports) all increased compared to the previous year (see Graph 2 below). Covid-19 has affected all aspects of socio-economic development such as economic growth, trade activities, labour, employment, and income of workers. To mitigate this disruption, the Vietnamese government has implemented a series of timely and strong measures aimed firstly to limit the spread of the virus and then secondly to promote economic development. The measures have shown initial success at controlling the spread of the virus, with Vietnam having come close to completely halting local transmission.

This study investigates the factors influencing green purchase intention and the moderating effects of environmental consciousness and perceived consumer effectiveness on these relationships. A conceptual model is developed and tested using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA). The PLS-SEM results reveal that environmental knowledge, perceived value, and perceived behavioral control have significant positive effects on green purchase intention, while subjective norms do not. Environmental consciousness and perceived consumer effectiveness are found to significantly moderate the relationships between environmental knowledge, perceived value, and green purchase intention. The fsQCA results identify five sufficient configurations leading to high levels of green purchase intention, all of which include perceived behavioral control and environmental consciousness. These findings contribute to the literature on green consumer behavior by providing a comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing green purchase intention and the moderating effects of environmental consciousness and perceived consumer effectiveness. The use of both PLS-SEM and fsQCA offers a nuanced understanding of the complex relationships among the variables. The results have important practical implications for marketers and policymakers aiming to promote environmentally friendly consumer behavior, suggesting that efforts should be directed towards increasing individuals' environmental knowledge, perceived value, perceived behavioral control, environmental consciousness, and perceived consumer effectiveness.

The recent increase in the number of business studies lends us a better understanding of the multi-faceted behaviors of artisans whose product innovation is made to strategically respond to different logics. The purpose of this study is to develop an analytical framework for artisan product innovation based on the interplay between institutional logics, counter-institutional identities, and product innovation. We argue that craft product innovation results from the comparative power between oppositional identity (artisan identity) and relational identity (entrepreneurial identity) when coping with multiple logics. A qualitative methodology that incorporates in-depth interviews and field observations is applied to offer insights into product innovation among Vietnamese artisan businesses. Our research discovers a new strategy, "Core-Satellite," that is a tactic in reconciling competing logics. When oppositional identity is strong and relational identity is either strong or moderate at the same time, artisan business owners will create a "core" that provides a strong foundation for innovated products (satellite).