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The issue of developing the human resources of ethnic minorities in Dak Lak province initially gains some remarkable achievements thanks to Vietnamese government's consideration. However, there are still several limitations such as low quality of human resources, unreasonable and inefficient exploitation and use of trained ethnic human resources. To meet the requirements of the current national renovation, human resources of ethnic minorities need to be paid more attention and invested. On the other hand, the human resources of ethnic minorities must constantly renew themselves. They have to be more proactive in apprenticeship, explore the labor market, look for jobs and form their industrial working style; they also need to avoid dependence, passivity, self-reliance and should not rely on the government as they used to. Through this article, we hope that it will make contribution to overcoming those limitations in the future.

The paper aims to examine how fiscal and monetary volatility might affect the balanced economic growth rate using a standard monetary growth model characterized by nominal wage rigidity and productive public spending. The model shows that any type of shock — monetary or fiscal — can generate either a negative or positive relationship between short-run volatility and long-run growth, critically de- pending on the size of government and the elasticity of output with respect to labor/ capital. In particular, given the labor income share, it shows that excessive government spending may cause the impact of fiscal volatility on long-run growth to turn from positive to negative. In addition, a rise in the volatility of the monetary shock is capable of generating either an increase or decrease in the mean of growth. With the range of the labor share values in reality, the model produces results consistent with the fact that the relationship between volatility and growth is generally found empirically to be more negative in developing than in developed countries. The model can be seen as a further explanation for the ambiguous empirical evidence in the existing literature. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

The issue of developing the human resources of ethnic minorities in Dak Lak province initially gains some remarkable achievements thanks to Vietnamese government's consideration. However, there are still several limitations such as low quality of human resources, unreasonable and inefficient exploitation and use of trained ethnic human resources. To meet the requirements of the current national renovation, human resources of ethnic minorities need to be paid more attention and invested. On the other hand, the human resources of ethnic minorities must constantly renew themselves. They have to be more proactive in apprenticeship, explore the labor market, look for jobs and form their industrial working style; they also need to avoid dependence, passivity, self-reliance and should not rely on the government as they used to. Through this article, we hope that it will make contribution to overcoming those limitations in the future. Article visualizations:

The Industrial Revolution 4.0 (IR4.0) is taking shape and has a strong impact on all areas of social life. For the state administration, the IR4.0 creates many opportunities as well as challenges that require managers to promptly grasp to have appropriate orientations and solutions, to perfect the state administration, to meet the requirements of national development. On the basis of analyzing the positive effects and challenges of IR4.0 on the reform of the state administration, the article proposes a number of recommendations: actively improve the institutional system of the administration, create a legal corridor for the development of industries and fields; promote the application of modern technological achievements to the management activities of administrative agencies; actively, proactively build and improve the qualifications and capacity of civil servants. Thereby, it will continue to perfect the state administration, and meet the requirements of IR4.0.

International audience ; L'équilibrage de charge consisteà répartir le trafic entre une paire de noeuds sur plusieurs chemins afin d'améliorer les performances du réseau. Idéalement, la politique d'équilibrage devrait s'adapter en fonction du trafic et anticiper son impact sur le réseau mais l'intégration de modèles pour la Qualité de Service est un défi. Nous proposons une solution basée sur l'apprentissage par renforcement profond, qui est capable d'apprendre la relation entre le trafic et la QoS, tout en offrant la sécurité nécessaire pour maximiser le débit etéviter de violer les contraintes de capacité des liaisons. Elle intègre un algorithme d'optimisation de politiques sous contraintes. Dans un scénario SD-WAN où les délais suivent le modèle de mise en file d'attente M/M/1, nous démontrons,à l'aide d'un programme non linéaire en nombres entiers, que notre solution peut atteindre un délai de bout en bout proche de l'optimum. Nous montronségalement que notre solution apprend automatiquement les paramètres de récompense pour répondre aux contraintes de capacité. Mots-clefs : Equilibrage de charge, apprentissage par renforcement, SD-WAN.

AbstractSurveys of antitrust cases reveal that colluding firms usually (1) attempt to minimise the risk of prosecution, (2) achieve merely imperfect levels of collusion, (3) compete against some independently acting firms, and (4) adjust to market entries and exits. In contrast, existing oligopoly models neglect some of the four listed stylised facts and, thus, overlook important interdependencies between them. Therefore, the present paper develops a general quantity leadership model that simultaneously accommodates all four stylised facts. The model is a three-stage game in which each firm must make three consecutive decisions: market entry or not, collusion or not, and output quantity. The framework is augmented by an antitrust authority that ensures free market access. In addition, the antitrust authority may directly obstruct collusion and it may threaten prosecution. The results of this study indicate that the latter two instruments are rather ineffective.

Vietnam: Öffentliche Forderungen nach Demokratie werden von staatlicher Seite nicht geduldet. Stattdessen werden Freiheitsrechte zunehmend eingeschränkt, Kritik am politischen System mit Gefängnisstrafen geahndet und soziales Engagement immer öfter als ordnungswidrig und aufrührerisch diffamiert. Der Autoritarismus des vietnamesischen Staats scheint allerdings willkürlich.

This cross-cultural study investigates the differential effects of message framing techniques in promoting fair-trade consumption between Eastern and Western cultures. A total of 414 Vietnamese participants from Vietnam and 342 American participants recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk were randomly assigned to two message framing conditions. It emphasizes the interconnected nature of fair-trade consumption behavior, influenced by message framing, processing fluency, and justice restoration effectiveness. The findings provide practical insights for marketers in effectively engaging consumers in purchasing fair-trade products. This study contributes to the literature by illuminating the impact of message framing strategies on consumer behavior toward fair-trade products in different cultural contexts. Marketers can leverage cultural orientations and message processing styles to develop more effective communication strategies for promoting fair-trade product adoption. Specifically, loss-framed messages may be more persuasive in increasing purchase intention among Vietnamese consumers, while gain-framed messages may resonate better with American consumers. Additionally, messages emphasizing the positive outcomes and benefits of fair-trade products for farmers and producers can enhance consumers' likelihood of purchasing such products.

This paper presents an estimation/adaptation method based on the adaptive principal component analysis (APCA) technique to guarantee the identification of the minimum necessary parameters of a digital predistorter. The proposed estimation/adaptation technique is suitable for online field-programmable gate array or system on chip implementation. By exploiting the orthogonality of the resulting transformed matrix obtained with the APCA technique, it is possible to reduce the number of coefficients to be estimated which, at the same time, has a beneficial regularization effect by preventing ill-conditioning or overfitting problems. Therefore, this identification/adaptation method enhances the robustness of the parameter estimation and simplifies the adaptation by reducing the number of estimated coefficients. Due to the orthogonality of the new basis, these parameters can be estimated independently, thus allowing for scalability. Experimental results will show that it is possible to determine the minimum number of parameters to be estimated in order to meet the targeted linearity levels while ensuring a robust well-conditioned identification. Moreover, the results will show how thanks to the orthogonality property of the new basis functions, the coefficients of the digital predistorter can be estimated independently. This allows to tradeoff the digital predistorter adaptation time versus performance and hardware complexity. ; Grant numbers : AEThER - Spectrally agile solutions for reconfigurable and sustainable transceivers for next generation wireless communications systems (TEC2014-58341-C4-4-R), project the Catalan Government (2009SGR0891).© 2018 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other ...

This paper presents a new method, based on the adaptive principal component analysis (APCA) technique, that iteratively creates and updates an orthogonal data matrix used to estimate the parameters of power amplifier (PA) behavioral models or digital predistortion (DPD) linearizers. Unlike the conventional PCA, the proposed block deflacted APCA (BD-APCA) is an iterative and online method that can be easily implemented in embedded processors. The proposed BD-APCA is designed by properly modifying the well-known complex domain generalized Hebbian algorithm (CGHA). This adaptation method enhances the robustness of the parameter estimation, simplifies the adaptation by reducing the number of estimated coefficients and due to the orthogonality of the new basis, these parameters can be estimated independently, thus allowing for scalability. Experimental results show that the proposed BD-APCA method is a worthy solution for adaptive, online, reduced-order and robust parameter estimation for PA modeling and DPD. ; Grant numbers : This work was supported by the Spanish Government (MINECO) and FEDER under projects TEC2014-58341-C4-03/04-R (AETHER) and grant TEC2017-88373- R (5G-REFINE). © 2018 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.