Edible and medicinal fungi inhibit enzymes linked to diabetes type-2 therapy
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disorder of metabolism followed by abnormal rise in plasma glucose levels, as a consequence of unequilibrated insulin production and/or insensitivity to the effect of this hormone in signal transduction of cellular receptors. One of the effective strategies for diabetes type-2 management is the inhibition of complex polysaccharide hydrolysis by pancreatic α-amylase and absorption limitation of glucose by inhibiting intestinal α-glucosidase enzyme. Agaricus blazei Murrill, Coprinus comatus (O.F.Müll.) Pers., Cordyceps militaris (L.) Fr., Inonotus obliquus (Ach. ex Pers.) Pilát, Morchella conica Pers. and Phellinus linteus Berk. & M.A. Curtis were investigated for their antidiabetic properties. In vitro assays on α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition were performed with methanolic extracts of the selected mushrooms. Furthermore, we calculated the necessary daily intake of mushroom extracts and dry mushroom powders based on the equivalent doses of therapeutic drug acarbose given to diabetic patients per day. Our comparative study on enzyme inhibition showed that the most promising potential is ascribed to I. obliquus extract, while no inhibition of α-amylase was recorded with M. conica and C. militaris methanolic extract at the tested concentration. The lowest daily intake of mushroom powder was suggested for I. obliquus with the dose of 3 × 1.148 g/day, while the highest was predicted for P. linteus 3 × 2.215 g/day. Although majority of previous studies showed in vivo antidiabetic potential of water and polysaccharidic mushroom extracts by different experimental approaches, our study is the first highlighting in vitro antidiabetic potential by inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase with methanolic extracts; which makes the investigated species more promising for the diabetes type-2 treatment by another additional and different mechanism of action. ; Soković M, editor. Book of abstracts: The 2nd Balkans-China Mini-symposium on Natural Products and Drug Discovery; 2019 Apr 11-13; Belgrade, Serbia. Belgrade: Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade; 2019. p 37.