Suchergebnisse

Ce texte écrit à chaud juste après le décès de David Graeber tente d'expliquer l'importance de son œuvre dans les trois dimensions des affects, des idées et de la science. Sur le plan des affects, la principale qualité de son œuvre était de transmettre avec une imagination et une intelligence rares son enthousiasme joyeux pour la connaissance scientifique et les possibilités politiques quand trop d'auteurs des sciences économiques et sociales restent enfermés dans des passions tristes qui font fuir les lecteurs. Sur le plan des idées, la rigueur profonde de son œuvre tient à son épistémologie influencée par Bhaskar, à sa connaissance de la politique économique acquise grâce à ses amis Hudson et de Keen, à sa maîtrise du corpus anthropologique et, enfin, à sa sensibilité anarchique éloignée de toute chapelle hiérarchique théorique. Sur le plan scientifique, le centre de gravité de son ego et de son œuvre foisonnante d'hypothèses n'a jamais été placé dans telle ou telle théorie ou idéologie mais dans la procédure scientifique elle-même qui consiste à créer et à tester les hypothèses pour explorer la terra incognita de notre monde humain, trop humain.

Ce texte est évidemment un texte polémique. Cette thèse s'inspire de la pensée de Veblen et de ses continuateurs contemporains que sont Nitzan, Graeber et Hudson. Pour Veblen, l'analyse d'une économie comprend trois dimensions : les pulsions, les techniques et les institutions avec au centre des institutions la monnaie qui est la condition de possibilité des autres institutions. La lutte des classes est alors la lutte des classes pour l'appropriation des moyens de production de monnaie qui surdétermine la lutte des classes pour l'appropriation des moyens de production de biens et de services. Cet article avance l'idée que l'institution monétaire est devenue inadaptée au paradigme technique numérique et que la classe productive ne peut donc plus s'opposer à la noblesse financière et au clergé managérial sans une création monétaire démocratique, c'est-à-dire un revenu inconditionnel financé par la création monétaire.

International audience ; The site of the sanctuary of Ribemont-sur-Ancre (Somme, France) is of major scientific interest for the knowledge of the Celtic civilization in Europe. It also presents other peculiarities: two clearly identifiable periods of occupation-the first one as early as third century BC-to the second century AD and the second one from 1914-1918. In the area disrupted through military operations, the remains of several epochs are intermingled. In order to obtain a precise knowledge of the space time organisation of each occupation, a magnetic survey was carried out. The comparison of geophysical results with the aerial photographs shot during the war allows an exact determination of the origin of the anomalies. It becomes possible to separate the magnetic anomalies which are contemporary, anterior or probably posterior to the conflict of 1914-1918. The range of magnitude and the sign of polarity of anomalies appear as a means to facilitate the identification of the features of each period. Among the anomalies detected, some of them, such an the elliptic enclosure, have been identified by the excavations as unknown archaeological remains. Generally speaking, the ability of the magnetic method for surveying any structure in such a disrupted environment suggests a more frequent use in prospecting of the sites which were battlefields in Historic periods.

International audience ; The site of the sanctuary of Ribemont-sur-Ancre (Somme, France) is of major scientific interest for the knowledge of the Celtic civilization in Europe. It also presents other peculiarities: two clearly identifiable periods of occupation-the first one as early as third century BC-to the second century AD and the second one from 1914-1918. In the area disrupted through military operations, the remains of several epochs are intermingled. In order to obtain a precise knowledge of the space time organisation of each occupation, a magnetic survey was carried out. The comparison of geophysical results with the aerial photographs shot during the war allows an exact determination of the origin of the anomalies. It becomes possible to separate the magnetic anomalies which are contemporary, anterior or probably posterior to the conflict of 1914-1918. The range of magnitude and the sign of polarity of anomalies appear as a means to facilitate the identification of the features of each period. Among the anomalies detected, some of them, such an the elliptic enclosure, have been identified by the excavations as unknown archaeological remains. Generally speaking, the ability of the magnetic method for surveying any structure in such a disrupted environment suggests a more frequent use in prospecting of the sites which were battlefields in Historic periods.

International audience ; The site of the sanctuary of Ribemont-sur-Ancre (Somme, France) is of major scientific interest for the knowledge of the Celtic civilization in Europe. It also presents other peculiarities: two clearly identifiable periods of occupation-the first one as early as third century BC-to the second century AD and the second one from 1914-1918. In the area disrupted through military operations, the remains of several epochs are intermingled. In order to obtain a precise knowledge of the space time organisation of each occupation, a magnetic survey was carried out. The comparison of geophysical results with the aerial photographs shot during the war allows an exact determination of the origin of the anomalies. It becomes possible to separate the magnetic anomalies which are contemporary, anterior or probably posterior to the conflict of 1914-1918. The range of magnitude and the sign of polarity of anomalies appear as a means to facilitate the identification of the features of each period. Among the anomalies detected, some of them, such an the elliptic enclosure, have been identified by the excavations as unknown archaeological remains. Generally speaking, the ability of the magnetic method for surveying any structure in such a disrupted environment suggests a more frequent use in prospecting of the sites which were battlefields in Historic periods.

International audience ; The site of the sanctuary of Ribemont-sur-Ancre (Somme, France) is of major scientific interest for the knowledge of the Celtic civilization in Europe. It also presents other peculiarities: two clearly identifiable periods of occupation-the first one as early as third century BC-to the second century AD and the second one from 1914-1918. In the area disrupted through military operations, the remains of several epochs are intermingled. In order to obtain a precise knowledge of the space time organisation of each occupation, a magnetic survey was carried out. The comparison of geophysical results with the aerial photographs shot during the war allows an exact determination of the origin of the anomalies. It becomes possible to separate the magnetic anomalies which are contemporary, anterior or probably posterior to the conflict of 1914-1918. The range of magnitude and the sign of polarity of anomalies appear as a means to facilitate the identification of the features of each period. Among the anomalies detected, some of them, such an the elliptic enclosure, have been identified by the excavations as unknown archaeological remains. Generally speaking, the ability of the magnetic method for surveying any structure in such a disrupted environment suggests a more frequent use in prospecting of the sites which were battlefields in Historic periods.

International audience ; The site of the sanctuary of Ribemont-sur-Ancre (Somme, France) is of major scientific interest for the knowledge of the Celtic civilization in Europe. It also presents other peculiarities: two clearly identifiable periods of occupation-the first one as early as third century BC-to the second century AD and the second one from 1914-1918. In the area disrupted through military operations, the remains of several epochs are intermingled. In order to obtain a precise knowledge of the space time organisation of each occupation, a magnetic survey was carried out. The comparison of geophysical results with the aerial photographs shot during the war allows an exact determination of the origin of the anomalies. It becomes possible to separate the magnetic anomalies which are contemporary, anterior or probably posterior to the conflict of 1914-1918. The range of magnitude and the sign of polarity of anomalies appear as a means to facilitate the identification of the features of each period. Among the anomalies detected, some of them, such an the elliptic enclosure, have been identified by the excavations as unknown archaeological remains. Generally speaking, the ability of the magnetic method for surveying any structure in such a disrupted environment suggests a more frequent use in prospecting of the sites which were battlefields in Historic periods.

International audience ; The site of the sanctuary of Ribemont-sur-Ancre (Somme, France) is of major scientific interest for the knowledge of the Celtic civilization in Europe. It also presents other peculiarities: two clearly identifiable periods of occupation-the first one as early as third century BC-to the second century AD and the second one from 1914-1918. In the area disrupted through military operations, the remains of several epochs are intermingled. In order to obtain a precise knowledge of the space time organisation of each occupation, a magnetic survey was carried out. The comparison of geophysical results with the aerial photographs shot during the war allows an exact determination of the origin of the anomalies. It becomes possible to separate the magnetic anomalies which are contemporary, anterior or probably posterior to the conflict of 1914-1918. The range of magnitude and the sign of polarity of anomalies appear as a means to facilitate the identification of the features of each period. Among the anomalies detected, some of them, such an the elliptic enclosure, have been identified by the excavations as unknown archaeological remains. Generally speaking, the ability of the magnetic method for surveying any structure in such a disrupted environment suggests a more frequent use in prospecting of the sites which were battlefields in Historic periods.

International audience ; The site of the sanctuary of Ribemont-sur-Ancre (Somme, France) is of major scientific interest for the knowledge of the Celtic civilization in Europe. It also presents other peculiarities: two clearly identifiable periods of occupation-the first one as early as third century BC-to the second century AD and the second one from 1914-1918. In the area disrupted through military operations, the remains of several epochs are intermingled. In order to obtain a precise knowledge of the space time organisation of each occupation, a magnetic survey was carried out. The comparison of geophysical results with the aerial photographs shot during the war allows an exact determination of the origin of the anomalies. It becomes possible to separate the magnetic anomalies which are contemporary, anterior or probably posterior to the conflict of 1914-1918. The range of magnitude and the sign of polarity of anomalies appear as a means to facilitate the identification of the features of each period. Among the anomalies detected, some of them, such an the elliptic enclosure, have been identified by the excavations as unknown archaeological remains. Generally speaking, the ability of the magnetic method for surveying any structure in such a disrupted environment suggests a more frequent use in prospecting of the sites which were battlefields in Historic periods.

International audience ; The site of the sanctuary of Ribemont-sur-Ancre (Somme, France) is of major scientific interest for the knowledge of the Celtic civilization in Europe. It also presents other peculiarities: two clearly identifiable periods of occupation-the first one as early as third century BC-to the second century AD and the second one from 1914-1918. In the area disrupted through military operations, the remains of several epochs are intermingled. In order to obtain a precise knowledge of the space time organisation of each occupation, a magnetic survey was carried out. The comparison of geophysical results with the aerial photographs shot during the war allows an exact determination of the origin of the anomalies. It becomes possible to separate the magnetic anomalies which are contemporary, anterior or probably posterior to the conflict of 1914-1918. The range of magnitude and the sign of polarity of anomalies appear as a means to facilitate the identification of the features of each period. Among the anomalies detected, some of them, such an the elliptic enclosure, have been identified by the excavations as unknown archaeological remains. Generally speaking, the ability of the magnetic method for surveying any structure in such a disrupted environment suggests a more frequent use in prospecting of the sites which were battlefields in Historic periods.

International audience ; The site of the sanctuary of Ribemont-sur-Ancre (Somme, France) is of major scientific interest for the knowledge of the Celtic civilization in Europe. It also presents other peculiarities: two clearly identifiable periods of occupation-the first one as early as third century BC-to the second century AD and the second one from 1914-1918. In the area disrupted through military operations, the remains of several epochs are intermingled. In order to obtain a precise knowledge of the space time organisation of each occupation, a magnetic survey was carried out. The comparison of geophysical results with the aerial photographs shot during the war allows an exact determination of the origin of the anomalies. It becomes possible to separate the magnetic anomalies which are contemporary, anterior or probably posterior to the conflict of 1914-1918. The range of magnitude and the sign of polarity of anomalies appear as a means to facilitate the identification of the features of each period. Among the anomalies detected, some of them, such an the elliptic enclosure, have been identified by the excavations as unknown archaeological remains. Generally speaking, the ability of the magnetic method for surveying any structure in such a disrupted environment suggests a more frequent use in prospecting of the sites which were battlefields in Historic periods.

Given a political context in which energy and environmental stakes have become increasingly dominant, road engineering practices have favoured saving energy and protecting the environment. Among these practices, the use of cold mixes treated with bitumen emulsion has proven to be a suitable technique. Cold mix design, as well as the design of pavements including cold mix asphalt (CMA) layers, is highly empirical and based on local skills and tend to limit the development of this environmentally-friendly pavement technique. In the case of CMA, no mechanical behaviour law has been established to take into account its evolutive behaviour. The paper is set in three parts. The CMA model is presented in Part I. The second part of the paper illustrates the numerical response of the model on a compressive sinusoidal load. The last part presents some first simulations of the cyclic oedometer laboratory tests. By comparing then to the numerical simulations, they show the relevance of the model to account for the CMA behaviour.

Given a political context in which energy and environmental stakes have become increasingly dominant, road engineering practices have favoured saving energy and protecting the environment. Among these practices, the use of cold mixes treated with bitumen emulsion has proven to be a suitable technique. Cold mix design, as well as the design of pavements including cold mix asphalt (CMA) layers, is highly empirical and based on local skills and tend to limit the development of this environmentally-friendly pavement technique. In the case of CMA, no mechanical behaviour law has been established to take into account its evolutive behaviour. The paper is set in three parts. The CMA model is presented in Part I. The second part of the paper illustrates the numerical response of the model on a compressive sinusoidal load. The last part presents some first simulations of the cyclic oedometer laboratory tests. By comparing then to the numerical simulations, they show the relevance of the model to account for the CMA behaviour.

Given a political context in which energy and environmental stakes have become increasingly dominant, road engineering practices have favoured saving energy and protecting the environment. Among these practices, the use of cold mixes treated with bitumen emulsion has proven to be a suitable technique. Cold mix design, as well as the design of pavements including cold mix asphalt (CMA) layers, is highly empirical and based on local skills and tend to limit the development of this environmentally-friendly pavement technique. In the case of CMA, no mechanical behaviour law has been established to take into account its evolutive behaviour. The paper is set in three parts. The CMA model is presented in Part I. The second part of the paper illustrates the numerical response of the model on a compressive sinusoidal load. The last part presents some first simulations of the cyclic oedometer laboratory tests. By comparing then to the numerical simulations, they show the relevance of the model to account for the CMA behaviour.

Colloque avec actes et comité de lecture. Internationale. ; International audience ; Dans un contexte politique où les enjeux énergétiques et environnementaux deviennent de plus en plus forts, la communauté routière souhaite favoriser des techniques plus économes en énergie et plus respectueuses de l'environnement. Parmi celles-ci, l'enrobé bitumineux à l'émulsion de bitume apparaît comme une technique à déployer plus largement sur les réseaux routiers. En effet, cette technique utilise de l'émulsion de bitume qui, comparée aux enrobés à chaud, nécessite moins d'énergie et limite les rejets de GES lors de sa fabrication. Toutefois, la formulation du mélange ainsi que les approches des performances d'une chaussée intégrant une couche d'enrobé à l'émulsion restent empiriques et sont basées sur des savoir-faire locaux. Ceci qui entrave le développement de cette technique. En règle générale, la première étape pour dimensionner une chaussée consiste à connaitre le comportement mécanique réversible de chacune des couches qui la composent afin de déterminer les champs de contrainte et de déformation de la chaussée au passage des charges roulantes. Dans un deuxième temps, ces valeurs sont comparées aux seuils des critères de durabilité mécanique de ces matériaux. Le modèle pour enrobé à chaud utilisé jusqu'à présent pour dimensionner les enrobés à l'émulsion est inadéquat car le modèle pour enrobé ne prend pas en compte l'évolution de ce matériau de son état frais à son état mûri. Ce manque de connaissance peut expliquer pourquoi dimensionner une couche d'enrobé à l'émulsion est si complexe et explique le fait que ce matériau ne soit pratiquement pas utilisé dans les chaussées à fort trafic. La première partie de cet article présente un modèle évolutif pour enrobé à l'émulsion qui prend en compte l'évolution de son état frais à son état mûri en utilisant les modèles de Boyce et de Huet. Ce modèle pour enrobé à l'émulsion est réalisé à partir de la décomposition spectrale des deux modèles puis par leur juxtaposition. ...