Suchergebnisse

Purpose. Although social support has been linked to smoking cessation, no studies have examined whether social support predicts women's late pregnancy cessation. Further, few have included reports from both support recipients and providers. Design. Longitudinal. Subjects. Pregnant couples (n = 394) reported support for cessation in early (13–20 weeks) and late (28 weeks) pregnancy. Measures. Different measures of couples' support were tested for predicting women's late pregnancy cessation. Measures of couples' support that were calculated included: summative (added women's and male partners' support scores, possible range 2–10), difference (subtracted the lower score from the higher, possible range 0–4), strong link (used higher positive or lower negative score, possible range 1–5), weak link (lower positive or higher negative score, possible range 1–5), and female and male reports alone (possible ranges 1–5). Covariate-adjusted odds ratios for the association of these various measures of couples' support with women's late pregnancy cessation were calculated. Results. Of the 12 scores (6 positive, 6 negative), only summative (p = .03) and weak link (p = .05) for positive support predicted women's quitting. Conclusion. Neither women's nor male partners' reports alone predicted women's cessation; only when both scores were considered, either by adding the scores or by taking the lower score, was the positive support score predictive. Future studies of social support should include support recipients' and providers' perspectives.

Purpose. When a patient is diagnosed with lung cancer, members of his/her social network may be more likely to engage in smoking cessation efforts. Proactive telephone counseling combined with a tailored self-directed intervention may be more effective at promoting smoking cessation than a tailored self-directed intervention alone. Design. Randomized controlled trial. Setting. Four clinical sites. Subjects. Current smokers who are family members and close friends of patients with lung cancer. Intervention. Six counselor-initiated counseling calls using motivational interviewing techniques and focusing on teaching adaptive coping skills based on the transactional model of stress and coping along with tailored self-directed materials (including nicotine patches, if not contraindicated) (n = 245) vs. tailored self-directed materials (including nicotine patches, if not contraindicated) (n = 251). Measures. Participants were surveyed at baseline and at 2 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months postintervention. The outcome was 7-day point prevalent abstinence. Analysis. The objective of this study was to test for arm differences in smoking cessation rates at 2 weeks and 6 months postintervention (primary) and at 12 months postintervention (secondary). Results. We found no overall effect of the proactive intervention on cessation rates. Among younger participants (age <50), the cessation rate in the intervention group was higher than in the control group at 2 weeks postintervention (16% vs. 4%, p = .046). For older participants (age >50), there were no group differences. Conclusion. Proactive telephone counseling focusing on adaptive coping skills was difficult to implement among smokers in lung cancer patients' social network. Although this study did not demonstrate any added benefit to cessation rates, this null finding may be a result of an intervention that was weaker than intended, owing to difficulties in completing the counseling phone calls. We discuss lessons learned and areas for future research in this special population.