Suchergebnisse

The threat of cyber warfare may disturb Indonesia's national interests. For this reason, efforts to create cyber defense forces are essential in dealing with the threat of cyberwar in this technological age. An effective strategy is needed to be carried out by the Government of Indonesia. This article analyzes the strategies implemented by the Government of Indonesia in dealing with the threat of cyber warfare. This study represents the use qualitative approach with an analytical descriptive design. The results of this study explain that the threat of cyber warfare in the future may have an impact that could shake the stability of national security. Through the National Cyber and Crypto Agency (Badan Siber dan Sandi Negara, BSSN) as the leading sector in handling national cyber problems, the Indonesian Government has taken strategic steps to safeguard the national interests and goals of the Indonesian nation and other state institutions stakeholders involved in the management of cyber security and defense. However, in practice, there are still several obstacles such as the unreadiness of regulation, quality, and quantity of human resources and technology infrastructure owned by Indonesia in dealing with any threats that can occur at any time.

Purpose of the study: This study seeks to explore the influence of culture on audiences' responses to online negative campaigns during Indonesia's 2014 and 2019 presidential elections. It shows that voter behavior is not determined entirely by media messages, as voters' decisions are strongly informed by their cultural and family backgrounds. Methodology: Negative campaign messages conveyed through online mass-media coverage were used as the main object of this study. These messages were analyzed categorically, with a focus on their themes, values, and ideologies. Data inference was made contextually, with a specific focus on cultural context. Main Findings: Mass media audiences' reception of negative campaigns is not homogenous, but influenced by political ideologies, social statuses, cultures, past experiences, and family characteristics. As such, negative campaigns do not influence the perceptions of mass media audiences, but rather reinforces audiences' existing political preferences. This is because Indonesian audiences are not individual (as common among new media audiences), but rather collective. They are divided into specific groups based on their political ideologies and the socio-cultural values that they learn from their families. Applications of this study: The findings can be applied to evaluate the media's effectiveness in constructing public knowledge and shaping public decisions. Novelty/Originality of this study: Although it has long been argued that the media can shape public opinions and decisions, this study shows that it plays a significant role in reinforcing existing political preferences. Audiences use the media to justify values that, owing to their specific family backgrounds and social environments, they have already embraced.