Suchergebnisse

In the United States, Medicaid is the primary social safety net that provides health care for the poor and other vulnerable populations. Interest group theory and federalism, state level sovereignty, are used to create a theoretical model that proposes factors, other than increasing health care cost, as growth determinants of Medicaid expenditure and enrollments. For over three decades driven by federalism state-level discretionary Medicaid waiver programs have been creating new and unsustainable entitlements. The role of Medicaid waivers is poorly understood and in need of scholarly attention. Due to a lack of federal oversight and other social and political factors, some of which will be discussed in this paper, it appears that discretionary Medicaid waiver programs put in place as a solution are contributing to the overall structural issues of Medicaid. The paper concludes with suggestions on needed research and some potential policy recommendations.

The decade of the 1970s marked not only the emergence of neoliberalism, but also the birth of a new disciplinary field: the environment. The intervening decades have seen an explosion of social movements with an environmental orientation, & much academic research has been done in this area. This study discusses several viewpoints on the relationship between the environment & development. The intention is not to present a specific perspective, but to present a general panorama of what has been written on this relationship. To this end, the essay goes beyond economic theory to engage with some of the debates in sociology, political science, & philosophy. Because it is not possible to cover so broad a subject in any great depth, a bibliography is appended to aid the reader. Adapted from the source document.

La presente tesis titulada: "INFLUENCIA DE LA OBLIGATORIEDAD DEL SERVICIO MILITAR EN LA SEGURIDAD Y DEFENSA NACIONAL, DISTRITO DE MORALES, PROVINCIA DE SAN MARTÍN, AÑO 2015", consistió en determinar las consecuencias con relación a la seguridad, la defensa nacional y la lucha contra la criminalidad, que ocasionaría la obligatoriedad del servicio militar en el distrito de Morales provincia de San Martín, habiendo efectuando una encuesta dirigida a personal militar que prestan servicios en la Tercera Brigada de Fuerzas Especiales, con el status de Oficiales, Técnicos y Suboficiales del Ejército Peruano y población civil de a pie del distrito de Morales provincia de San Martín. Vamos a demostrar que el Estado debe implementar la "Ley del Servicio Militar Obligatorio", con categoría constitucional, a fin de garantizar plenamente la seguridad y la defensa nacional. De acuerdo a los resultados se concluye que existe la imperiosa necesidad de implantar el servicio militar obligatorio, con sus propias características como el tiempo de servicio de 06 meses, garantizando de esa manera la seguridad y la defensa nacional. El grupo muestral estuvo conformado por personal militar de la Tercera Brigada de Fuerzas Especiales (10) y por población civil de a pie (10) del distrito de Morales-Tarapoto.

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el contenido de esta proposición de ley,ver qué es lo que propone, y de qué medios se pretende valer para llevar a cabo estas propuestas. Se hará especial hincapié en la declaración de nulidad y en concreto en el concepto mismo de nulidad, comparándolo con la ilegitimidad de la ley de la Memoria Histórica y otros precedentes a nivel tanto nacional como internacional. Se analizará uno de los puntos más conflictivos de esta proposición de ley, el cual es la falta de competencia del Parlament de Catalunya para legislar en materia judicial, y cuales son los razonamientos jurídicos que la proposición aporta para evitar una posible suspensión de la ley por parte del Tribunal Constitucional. Para finalizar, se analizará cuales son las vías de anulación de juicios que podrían resultar viables, tanto judiciales como legislativas. El análisis de la proposición se pretende abordar desde un punto de vista jurídico, haciendo las referencias al trasfondo político e histórico que son inherentes al tema, pero sin posicionarse políticamente.

Abstract

Objectives
In aging societies, more people become vulnerable to experiencing cognitive decline. Simultaneously, the role of grandparenthood is central for older adults and their families. Our study investigates inequalities in the level and trajectories of cognitive functioning among older adults, focusing on possible intersectional effects of social determinants and grandparenthood as a life course transition that may contribute to delaying cognitive decline.


Methods
Using longitudinal data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe, we analyzed a sample of 19,953 individuals aged 50-85 without grandchildren at baseline. We applied Multilevel Analysis of Individual Heterogeneity and Discriminatory Accuracy to investigate variation in cognitive functioning across 48 intersectional strata, defined by sex/gender, migration, education, and occupation. We allowed the impact of becoming a grandparent on cognitive functioning trajectories to vary across strata by including random slopes.


Results
Intersectional strata accounted for 17.43% of the overall variance in cognitive functioning, with most of the stratum-level variation explained by additive effects of the stratum-defining characteristics. Transition to grandparenthood was associated with higher cognitive functioning, showing a stronger effect for women. Stratum-level variation in the grandparenthood effect was modest, especially after accounting for interactions between grandparenthood and the stratum-defining variables.


Discussion
This study highlights the importance of social determinants for understanding heterogeneities in older adults' level of cognitive functioning and its association with the transition to grandparenthood. Cumulative disadvantages negatively affect cognitive functioning, hence adopting an intersectional lens is useful to decompose inequalities and derive tailored interventions to promote equal healthy aging.

MOOCs have made it possible not only to provide quality open education for any learner worldwide, but also to rethink the way on-campus teaching is delivered. The materials produced for a MOOC can be consumed by on-campus students before arriving to the classroom, using class time to do activities that promote active learning, following this way a flipped classroom strategy. This paper presents the experience of redesigning a first-year engineering course with a large number of students (over 400 each year), in which MOOCs are reused, and a flipped classroom strategy is implemented, dedicating most of traditional lecture time to do hands-on, interactive activities. The results show an increase in students' motivation, both in the use of MOOC content outside the classroom, and in the realization of hands-on, interactive activities inside the classroom. In relation to the teacher, having information on students' previous work outside the classroom, and on students' work in the hands-on, interactive activities carried out inside the classroom, allows understanding better the differences between groups, tailoring the explanations during class time, and providing proper reinforcement activities to be done after class. ; The authors acknowledge the eMadrid Network, which is funded by the Madrid Regional Government (Comunidad de Madrid) with grant No. S2013/ICE-2715. This work also received partial support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Project RESET (TIN2014-53199-C3-1-R) and Project Smartlet (TIN2017-85179- C3-1-R), and from the European Commission through Erasmus+ projects MOOC-Maker (561533-EPP-1-2015-1- ES-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP), SHEILA (562080-EPP-1-2015-1-BE-EPPKA3-PI-FORWARD), COMPASS (2015-1- EL01-KA203-014033), COMPETEN-SEA (574212-EPP-1-2016-1-NL-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP), and LALA (586120- EPP-1-2017-1-ES-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP).

Epithelial-mesenchymal interactions are crucial for the development of numerous animal structures. Thus, unraveling how molecular tools are recruited in different lineages to control interplays between these tissues is key to understanding morphogenetic evolution. Here, we study Esrp genes, which regulate extensive splicing programs and are essential for mammalian organogenesis. We find that Esrp homologs have been independently recruited for the development of multiple structures across deuterostomes. Although Esrp is involved in a wide variety of ontogenetic processes, our results suggest ancient roles in non-neural ectoderm and regulating specific mesenchymal-to-epithelial transitions in deuterostome ancestors. However, consistent with the extensive rewiring of Esrp-dependent splicing programs between phyla, most developmental defects observed in vertebrate mutants are related to other types of morphogenetic processes. This is likely connected to the origin of an event in Fgfr, which was recruited as an Esrp target in stem chordates and subsequently co-opted into the development of many novel traits in vertebrates. ; This work has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement No ERC-StG-LS2-637591 to M.I.), the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (grant BFU2014-58908P to J.G.-F, BFU2014-55076-P to M.I., and the 'Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa 2013–2017', SEV-2012-0208), and ICREA - Generalitat de Catalunya (Academia Prize to J.G.-F). We acknowledge the support of the CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya. D.B. held an APIF fellowship from University of Barcelona, Y.M. an EMBO Long Term postdoctoral fellowship (ALTF 1505-2015), C.R. an EMBO long-term fellowship (ALTF 1608-2014), ATM an FPI-SO fellowship. ; Peer reviewed