Suchergebnisse

This paper invites a reflection on "styles" or "models" of development that have characterized social, economic and politico-institutional transformations in rural areas. It does so by evaluating territorial development, differentiated public policies, and the emergence of new ruralities in the agricultural context in Brazil, based on the experience over the last few decades. By drawing on international literature, this work assesses the meaning of the use of new ruralities to characterise farming environments, and its impact over important indicators and governmental policies. With a focus on Brazil, the article traces recent processes that help to sketch out possible "snapshots" of the national agricultural landscape, as evidenced in work based on land grabbing and financialization of land, and on the constitution of rural territories. These processes are supported by important governmental policies, such as rural credit and territorial development programs. The recent crisis of agricultural policies in Brazil brings new challenges in terms of understanding this broader context, and raises new questions, which will be addressed in the concluding remarks. Keywords: rural development; territorial development; agricultural policies; ruralities.LEITE, Sergio Pereira. Ruralidades, enfoque territorial e políticas públicas diferenciadas para o desenvolvimento rural brasileiro: uma agenda perdida? Estudos Sociedade e Agricultura, v. 28, n. 1, p. 227-254, fev. 2020.Submitted on November 19, 2019.Accepted on January 6, 2020.

A processual approach to public policy analysis rather than the more common instrumental one can help us to understand the experience of policy makers involved in government programs related to rural Brazil and to evaluate the extent to which the implementation of rural policy is influenced by the networks and institutional environments in which administrators are engaged. A broader analytical framework for agrarian and agricultural policies, particularly those implemented during the two terms of the Lula administration (2003–2010), can be arrived at by examining the strategic political games in which public administrators were involved, the different forums in which these games were institutionalized (the spaces in which rural policies are created and implemented), and the institutional environments that structured and regulated the creation of these policies. Este trabalho aborda a experiência e a participação de gestores de políticas públicas envolvidos em programas governamentais relacionados ao meio rural brasileiro, visando compreender em que medida o ambiente institucional e as redes nas quais os mesmos estão inseridos condicionam o processo de implementação das ações observadas setorialmente, reforçando o emprego das análises de políticas públicas centradas na sua dimensão processual e não necessariamente instrumental, como é mais comum na literatura especializada. Focalizando os jogos políticos nos quais o corpo administrativo e técnico esteve envolvido (marcados por conflitos, barganhas e/ou negociações e envolvendo diversas administrações, grupos de interesses e outros stakeholders), os diferentes fóruns onde estes jogos foram institucionalizados (constituindo-se em loci privilegiados da produção e condução das políticas agrárias), e o ambiente institucional que estrutura e regula a produção destas políticas buscou-se desenhar um quadro mais amplo da análise de políticas agrárias e agrícolas, particularmente aquelas implementadas durante os dois mandatos do governo Lula (2003–2010).

Introduction to the thematic section "Continuities and discontinuities in public policies for Brazilian agriculture", written by its editors Sergio Pereira Leite and Eric Sabourin.

Este artículo busca presentar el proceso de expansión del agronegocio de granos en las regiones del Cerrado brasilero (sabanas de Brasil). El estudio analiza las modalidades de concentración económica y agraria del sector, con una atención particular sobre las estrategias de las empresas transnacionales (tradings) (orientadas para la creación de un patrón tecnológico que favorece las grandes fincas agrícolas y la utilización de máquinas e implementos agrícolas sofisticados); el apoyo del Estado al acceso del capital (financiamiento rural y renegociación de las deudas de los grandes productores de la agricultura brasilera); las condiciones de acceso a la tierra, etc. El artículo también analiza el impacto de esta expansión y de la concentración económica y agrícola del agronegocio sobre el cerrado, el precio de la tierra, la generación de nuevos conflictos y, de manera más amplia, la capacidad de reproducción de la agricultura familiar.

Cet article s'intéresse aux processus par lesquels le développement durable, en tant qu'ensemble de normes prescriptives à portée globale, est l'objet d'une construction normative et d'une mise en forme institutionnelle dans le cadre de politiques rurales du Mexique et du Brésil. Nous abordons cette question sous l'angle des trajectoires de changement institutionnel que la "mise en politiques" du DD induit au niveau des cadres de régulation et d'interaction entre les différentes composantes du monde rural, et entre celles-ci et les pouvoirs publics. L'approche comparative met en évidence les régularités et les principales divergences qui caractérisent les processus d'institutionnalisation de la durabilité au Brésil et au Mexique ; elle permet de nous interroger sur la nature des changements institutionnels en cours.

The authors examine the efficiency of the selective credit policies pursued by the Indian authorities aimed at curtailing inventory accumulation in the sugar industry. The findings of the study indicate that the credit policies adopted by the Indian authorities have been of limited effectiveness owing to th substitutability of the different sources of finance. (DÜI-Sen)

International audience ; The article deals with the modalities of the recent dismantling of rural and environmental public policies with a hindsight of a few years by mobilizing the examination of several components: land, family farming, rural territorial development, agroecology and the environment. The analysis focuses on the last three governments (Rousseff, Temer and Bolsonaro) based on the approach to dismantling public policies of Bauer et al. (Bauer MW, Jordan A, Green-Pedersen C, Heritier A. 2013. Dismantling public policy: preferences, strategies and effects. Oxford: Oxford University Press. DOI:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199656646.001.0001). The method combines documentary analysis of official texts, statistics on budgets and interviews with decision-makers and managers of these policies conducted within research projects initiated since 2012. The main results show the institutional fragility, including in the cases of policies subject to laws (environment, family farming, food security) or enshrined in the Brazilian federal constitution (land reform). The changes observed suggest the integration of different strategies to dismantle public policies, especially since 2019. Less used during the Rousseff and Temer governments, these mechanisms are particularly implemented in the conservative and belligerent framework of the Bolsonaro government, whose political base responds positively to the destruction of state regulatory mechanisms. ; L'article traite des modalités du démantèlement récent des politiques publiques rurales et environnementales avec un recul de quelques années, en mobilisant l'examen de plusieurs volets : le foncier, l'agriculture familiale, le développement territorial rural, l'agroécologie et l'environnement. L'analyse porte sur les trois derniers gouvernements (Rousseff, Temer et Bolsonaro), à partir de l'approche du démantèlement de politiques publiques de Bauer et al. (Bauer MW, Jordan A, Green-Pedersen C, Heritier A. 2013. Dismantling public policy: preferences, strategies and effects. ...

International audience ; The article deals with the modalities of the recent dismantling of rural and environmental public policies with a hindsight of a few years by mobilizing the examination of several components: land, family farming, rural territorial development, agroecology and the environment. The analysis focuses on the last three governments (Rousseff, Temer and Bolsonaro) based on the approach to dismantling public policies of Bauer et al. (Bauer MW, Jordan A, Green-Pedersen C, Heritier A. 2013. Dismantling public policy: preferences, strategies and effects. Oxford: Oxford University Press. DOI:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199656646.001.0001). The method combines documentary analysis of official texts, statistics on budgets and interviews with decision-makers and managers of these policies conducted within research projects initiated since 2012. The main results show the institutional fragility, including in the cases of policies subject to laws (environment, family farming, food security) or enshrined in the Brazilian federal constitution (land reform). The changes observed suggest the integration of different strategies to dismantle public policies, especially since 2019. Less used during the Rousseff and Temer governments, these mechanisms are particularly implemented in the conservative and belligerent framework of the Bolsonaro government, whose political base responds positively to the destruction of state regulatory mechanisms. ; L'article traite des modalités du démantèlement récent des politiques publiques rurales et environnementales avec un recul de quelques années, en mobilisant l'examen de plusieurs volets : le foncier, l'agriculture familiale, le développement territorial rural, l'agroécologie et l'environnement. L'analyse porte sur les trois derniers gouvernements (Rousseff, Temer et Bolsonaro), à partir de l'approche du démantèlement de politiques publiques de Bauer et al. (Bauer MW, Jordan A, Green-Pedersen C, Heritier A. 2013. Dismantling public policy: preferences, strategies and effects. ...

International audience ; The article deals with the modalities of the recent dismantling of rural and environmental public policies with a hindsight of a few years by mobilizing the examination of several components: land, family farming, rural territorial development, agroecology and the environment. The analysis focuses on the last three governments (Rousseff, Temer and Bolsonaro) based on the approach to dismantling public policies of Bauer et al. (Bauer MW, Jordan A, Green-Pedersen C, Heritier A. 2013. Dismantling public policy: preferences, strategies and effects. Oxford: Oxford University Press. DOI:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199656646.001.0001). The method combines documentary analysis of official texts, statistics on budgets and interviews with decision-makers and managers of these policies conducted within research projects initiated since 2012. The main results show the institutional fragility, including in the cases of policies subject to laws (environment, family farming, food security) or enshrined in the Brazilian federal constitution (land reform). The changes observed suggest the integration of different strategies to dismantle public policies, especially since 2019. Less used during the Rousseff and Temer governments, these mechanisms are particularly implemented in the conservative and belligerent framework of the Bolsonaro government, whose political base responds positively to the destruction of state regulatory mechanisms. ; L'article traite des modalités du démantèlement récent des politiques publiques rurales et environnementales avec un recul de quelques années, en mobilisant l'examen de plusieurs volets : le foncier, l'agriculture familiale, le développement territorial rural, l'agroécologie et l'environnement. L'analyse porte sur les trois derniers gouvernements (Rousseff, Temer et Bolsonaro), à partir de l'approche du démantèlement de politiques publiques de Bauer et al. (Bauer MW, Jordan A, Green-Pedersen C, Heritier A. 2013. Dismantling public policy: preferences, strategies and effects. ...

International audience ; The article deals with the modalities of the recent dismantling of rural and environmental public policies with a hindsight of a few years by mobilizing the examination of several components: land, family farming, rural territorial development, agroecology and the environment. The analysis focuses on the last three governments (Rousseff, Temer and Bolsonaro) based on the approach to dismantling public policies of Bauer et al. (Bauer MW, Jordan A, Green-Pedersen C, Heritier A. 2013. Dismantling public policy: preferences, strategies and effects. Oxford: Oxford University Press. DOI:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199656646.001.0001). The method combines documentary analysis of official texts, statistics on budgets and interviews with decision-makers and managers of these policies conducted within research projects initiated since 2012. The main results show the institutional fragility, including in the cases of policies subject to laws (environment, family farming, food security) or enshrined in the Brazilian federal constitution (land reform). The changes observed suggest the integration of different strategies to dismantle public policies, especially since 2019. Less used during the Rousseff and Temer governments, these mechanisms are particularly implemented in the conservative and belligerent framework of the Bolsonaro government, whose political base responds positively to the destruction of state regulatory mechanisms. ; L'article traite des modalités du démantèlement récent des politiques publiques rurales et environnementales avec un recul de quelques années, en mobilisant l'examen de plusieurs volets : le foncier, l'agriculture familiale, le développement territorial rural, l'agroécologie et l'environnement. L'analyse porte sur les trois derniers gouvernements (Rousseff, Temer et Bolsonaro), à partir de l'approche du démantèlement de politiques publiques de Bauer et al. (Bauer MW, Jordan A, Green-Pedersen C, Heritier A. 2013. Dismantling public policy: preferences, strategies and effects. ...