Suchergebnisse

Introduction: Agents of design: Asians and institutional governance in the world order / Saadia M. Pekkanen -- Design of economics-related institutions -- Designing trade institutions for Asia / Vinnie Aggarwal and Min Gyo Koo -- Cooperation without institutions: the case of East Asian currency arrangements / C. Randall Henning and Saori N. Katada -- The external is incidental: Asia's SWFs and the shaping of the Santiago Principles / Saadia M. Pekkanen and Kellee S. Tsai -- Design of security-related institutions -- Nuclear WMD regimes in East Asia: PSI, six-party talks, and the 1994 agreed framework / David C. Kang -- Asian space rivalry and cooperative institutions: mind the gap / James Clay Moltz -- The institutionalization of energy security cooperation in Asia / Purnendra Jain and Takamichi Mito -- Design of human security-related institutions -- Human rights institutions in Asia / Keisuke Iida and Ming Wan -- The institutional response to infectious diseases in Asia / Kerstin Lukner -- Testing the waters (and soil): the emergence of institutions for regional environmental governance in East Asia / Kim Reimann -- The imperfect struggles / Saadia M. Pekkanen

The market-to-military trend -- Evolution of Japan's space policy -- The players -- Launch vehicles -- Satellites and spacecraft -- Emerging technologies -- In defense of Japan

Rise of law in foreign trade politics -- Antidumping clashes with the United States -- Legality in safeguard disputes with China -- The burgeoning intellectual property agenda -- Investment rules in preferential trade arrangements -- The expansion of aggressive legalism

The logic of industrial selection -- Quantitative arts and the criteria for selection -- Political economy of the most favored sectors -- Criteria and perceptions in historical perspective -- The commercial space launch industry -- "Tips" from postwar Japan

Summary
This article probes Japan's space diplomacy in a world returned to great power competition. Today, Japan's space diplomacy manifests in a wide variety of contexts at the global, regional and bilateral levels. The principal argument is that the Japanese state is responding to gathering external threats through diplomacy that communicates, persuades and bargains in the country's science, economic and military space interests. This proactive positioning allows Japan to situate its advanced technologies in the context of fierce economic competition, cultivate an image as a pacifist and responsible actor in the turbulent international order, and set pragmatic expectations about building peaceful prospects in outer space.

AbstractChina and Japan are among the world's top space powers, with significant technical competence in both conventional and 'newspace' capabilities. Since the early 1990s, each country has also taken a keen interest in shaping the governance of outer space activities. But they have done so in remarkably different ways, calling into question Asian states' supposed preferences for soft and informal institutions. Japan has led the Asia-Pacific Regional Space Agency Forum, involving both state and nonstate participants, which is guided by a set of principles. China has opted for a high-profile formal intergovernmental design, the Asia-Pacific Space Cooperation Organization, with a Convention and all the trappings of a formal organizational structure. This article assesses the activities of China and Japan in the new space race, discusses how and why the design of their space governance differs, and reflects on prospects for competition and cooperation.

This policy brief evaluates the trends in Japan's space policy directions, and assesses their implications for regional and global security in three parts. First, it focuses on the role of public and private players pivotal to the country's space directions, and the context in which they have operated. Second, it sets out the main institutional and legal changes they have helped bring about. Finally, third, it lays out some implications that bear upon other space powers like China and the United States.

The Japanese government today is actively and strategically choosing among various institutional forums to deal with its trade partners, namely bilateral venues, multilateral settings, and even preferential regional arrangements. This ongoing high-profile institutional selection is somewhat unprecedented for Japan, and demands a review of the historical and analytical reasons that drive decisionmakers to select one forum over another. Overall, the Japanese case suggests that the aggregate trade forum choices are influenced both by the desire to institutionalize mechanisms for stabilizing a range of expectations and by the necessity of guaranteeing market access and protection of investment in the fastest time possible.