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Microbial C1 gas conversion technologies have developed into a potentially promising technology for converting waste gases (CO2, CO) into chemicals, fuels, and other materials. However, the mass transfer constraint of these poorly soluble substrates to microorganisms is an important challenge to maximize the efficiencies of the processes. These technologies have attracted significant scientific interest in recent years, and many reactor designs have been explored. Syngas fermentation and hydrogenotrophic methanation use molecular hydrogen as an electron donor. Furthermore, the sequestration of CO2 and the generation of valuable chemicals through the application of a biocathode in bioelectrochemical cells have been evaluated for their great potential to contribute to sustainability. Through a process termed microbial chain elongation, the product portfolio from C1 gas conversion may be expanded further by carefully driving microorganisms to perform acetogenesis, solventogenesis, and reverse -oxidation. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the various kinds of bioreactors that are employed in these microbial C1 conversion processes. ; This study was conducted in collaboration with researchers from four different institu tions (Dokuz Eylul University, Turkey; University of Minho, Portugal; Izmir Democracy University, Turkey, and University of A Coruña, Spain), who were supported by the following funding bodies: A.A. [Dokuz Eylul University, Scientific Research Foundation (DEU-BAP) (#2011.KB.FEN.046) and TUBİTAK (#119R029)]; L.P. [Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) (UIDB/04469/2020), and FCT and European Social Fund (POPH-QREN) (POCI-01-0145-FEDER 031377)]; T.K. [TUBİTAK-CAYDAG (118Y305)]; and H.N.A. [Xunta de Galicia (ED431C 2021/55)]. ; A.A. acknowledges the support by Dokuz Eylul University, Scientific Research Foundation (DEU-BAP), Turkey, for the award on (#2011.KB.FEN.046) "Direct Electricity Generation from Treatment Plant Sludges by using MFCs" research project. A.A. ...

Supplementary data associated with this article can be found, in the online version, at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2016.03.148. ; Phosphorus recycling and recovery has received special attention due to its non-replaceable and non-renewability. Phosphorus recovery from human urine in the form of struvite crystals is a potential alternative source. In this work, the efficiency of struvite precipitation from source separated human urine and struvite crystals size were analyzed using three different Mg2+ sources (MgCl2, Mg(OH)2 and MgO), individually evaluated using a statistical design of experiments to assess the combined effect of Mg2+:P molar ratio (1:1, 1.5:1 and 2:1) and stirring speed (30, 45 and 60 rpm). Formation of struvite crystals was confirmed by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). Using the optimal conditions determined, MgO as Mg2+ source at 2:1 molar ratio and a stirring speed of 30 rpm, 99% of P was recovered as struvite crystals with a size of 50 to 100 m. ; This project has received funding from the European Union's Seventh Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement No. 308535. The authors also acknowledge the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the scope of the strategic funding of UID/BIO/04469/2013 unit, COMPETE 2020 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006684) and the project RECI/BBB-EBI/0179/2012 ...

This study investigated the effect of pre-fermented urine on anode performance of a two-chambered microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) compared to raw urine. Pre-fermentation of urine was performed by anaerobic digestion. The effect of this pre-fermentation on anode performance of a MEC was assessed by measuring the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), current density and Coulombic efficiency (CE). The MEC using fermented urine achieved a higher average current density (218±6mAm2) and a higher CE (17%). Although no significant differences were observed in the COD removal efficiency between both urines, the MEC using fermented urine displayed the highest COD removal rate (0.14±0.02gL1d1). The organic compounds initially found in both urines, as well as the metabolic products associated to the biodegradation of the organic matter were analyzed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR). The main compounds initially identified in the raw urine were urea, creatinine and acetate. In the fermented urine, the main compounds identified were methylamine, acetate and propionic acid demonstrating the effectiveness of the anaerobic fermentation step. ; This study was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the scope of the strategic funding of UID/BIO/04469 unit and COMPETE 2020 (grant number POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006684) and BioTecNorte operation (grant number NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000004) funded by the European Regional Development Fund under the scope of Norte2020 - Programa Operacional Regional do Norte. This research has received funding from the European Union's Seventh Programme for research, technological development and demonstration (grant number 308535). The authors also would like to acknowledge the support of Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology. ...

"Available online 15 February 2018" ; Anode performance of Microbial Electrolysis Cells (MECs) fed with urine using different anodes, Keynol (phenolic-based), C-Tex (cellulose-based) and PAN (polyacrylonitrile-based) was compared under cell potential control (1st assay) and anode potential control (2nd assay). In both assays, C-Tex MEC outperformed MECs using Keynol and PAN. C-Tex MEC under anode potential control (0.300V vs. Ag/AgCl) generated the highest current density (904mAm2), which was almost 3-fold higher than the Keynol MEC and 8-fold higher than the PAN MEC. Analysis of anodes textural, chemical and electrochemical characteristics suggest that the higher external surface area of C-Tex enabled higher current density generation compared to Keynol and PAN. Anodes properties did not influence significantly the microbial diversity of the developed biofilm. Nonetheless, C-Tex had higher relative abundance of bacteria belonging to Lactobacillales and Enterobacteriales suggesting its correlation with the higher current generation. ; This study was supported by the European Union's Seventh Programme for research, technological development and demonstration [Grant number 308535] and by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the scope of the strategic funding of UID/BIO/04469/2013 unit and COMPETE 2020 [POCI-01- 0145-FEDER-006684], of Project RECI/BBB-EBI/0179/2012 [FCOMP01-0124-FEDER-027462], POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007679 [UID/CTM/ 50011/2013], and by BioTecNorte operation [NORTE-01-0145- FEDER-000004] funded by the European Regional Development Fund under the scope of Norte2020 - Programa Operacional Regional do Norte. This work is a result of project "AIProcMat@N2020 - Advanced Industrial Processes and Materials for a Sustainable Northern Region of Portugal 2020", with the reference NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000006, supported by Norte Portugal Regional Operational Programme (NORTE 2020), under the Portugal 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and of ...