Suchergebnisse

The prevalence of substance use behaviors during adolescence is an important concern in the United States and internationally. Of particular importance to the U.S. is our ability to compare prevalence estimates and trends with those of neighboring countries, particularly those that feed our immigrant population and have a circulatory migration pattern with us. One of the fastest-growing Hispanic groups is Dominicans, who are also a young group, with a third of Dominicans in the United States under age 18. However, cross-national comparisons of the substance use rates of youth in the U. S. and the Dominican Republic have not been done. Our study represents, to our knowledge, the first such comparison. We conducted a secondary data analysis comparing data from the U.S. Center for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) 1997 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS), a biennial survey in the U.S., to data from a survey conducted by the Ministry of Education of the Dominican Republic in 1997. The Dominican Republic survey used a similar sampling methodology and the Spanish version of the YRBS, piloted and modified to ensure linguistic and cultural appropriateness. Youth in the United States in general, and U.S. Hispanic youth in particular, consistently reported higher lifetime and recent use of alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine than youth in the Dominican Republic. Our study supports other cross-national comparisons that have found rates of substance use for youth in Latin America lower than those for youth in the United States. Cross-national comparisons of this nature help each individual country inform its social policies around prevention. They may also allow us to examine the impact of immigration, acculturation, and return migration processes on adolescent substance use in both countries.

Comunicación presentada en el Aquaculture Europe 2014, celebrado en Donostia-San Sebastián, España, del 14 al 17 de octubre de 2014 ; The Manila clam is an Asian species that was introduced in Europe in the 1970's due to their advantageous characteristics for cultivation (Flassch and Leborgne, 1992). Currently, the Manila clam makes up the bulk of European production of clams (FAO data for 2012: 31 836 T). The species has spread over wide areas of the European coasts, either by natural reproduction, or aided by man through induced reproduction in hatcheries. A scientifically sound management of Manila clam genetic resources requires the knowledge of the genetic variability of European populations. Genetic studies (Sekine et al., 2006; Mao et al., 2011) indicate that the populations of the native range of the species in Asia are genetically subdivided, so the genetic composition of European populations would be dependent on the geographic area from which the founder stock came from. Published reports (Flassch and Leborgne 1992) claim that the first introduced clams were seeded in NW France and came from the NW Pacific coast, where, in turn, they were accidentally introduced 40 years earlier as a carry over with the seed of Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) imported from Japan. Therefore, it is of great interest to know whether the clams currently living in the European coasts all come from the reported introduction of American/Japanese seed, or whether they are a mixed stock resulting from posterior, non reported introductions by clam farmers. With this aim we have conducted a genetic study of some European Manila clam populations, and compared them with samples taken form the natural range of the species in China and Japan, and from the American area of origin of the reported European founder stock. ; This work was supported by grant AGL2007-60049 from the National Research Plan of the Government of Spain. ; Peer Reviewed

Using qualitative data collected from adolescent Latinas and their parents, this article describes ways in which family relationships are organized within low-income Latino families (n = 24) with and without a daughter who attempted suicide. Based on a family-level analysis approach, we present a framework that categorizes relationships as reciprocal, asymmetrical, or detached. Clear differences are identified: Families of nonattempters primarily cluster in reciprocal families, whereas families with an adolescent suicide attempter exhibit characteristics of asymmetrical or detached families. Our results highlight the need for detailed clinical attention to family communication patterns, especially in Latino families. Clinicians may reduce the likelihood of an attempt or repeated attempts by raising mutual, reciprocal exchanges of words and support between parents and daughter.