Suchergebnisse

The study examines the link between different modalities of effective tax rates in state-owned entities in Serbia and how those rates can be used to distinguish between SOEs using tax planning and those not inclined to tax planning techniques. Results show that state-owned companies in Serbia owned by local municipalities and cities are using tax planning to obtain lower effective tax rates than the statutory rate, therefore, using their preferential tax status from size and ownership. The study shows that cash flow-based effective tax rates and combined tax rates are better predictors of tax planning than accounting-based effective tax rates for state-owned firms.

In this research, we emphasize the issues of collecting environmental taxes and spending for environmental protection at the EU 28 plus countries as a benchmark and Serbia. We find no correlation between environmental taxes in EU and expenses incurred for the environment, while at the same time there is a positive, statistically significant relationship between the two variables in Serbia. The observed period covers 2009-2017. This means that government taxes and budget are the main sources of financing green projects in Serbia, therefore, showing lower environmental awareness of companies and citizens.

This paper examines banking industry practice in the area of circular economy reporting with the specific emphasis on waste management reporting in this sector. Paper answers the basic question - is financial service sector exempt from the circular economy reporting requirements having low material usage and resource consumption? Manuscript indicates that in Serbia waste management reporting in banks is in the early stage. Most of the waste management indicators in banks are included as integral part of sustainability reports or as part of management report. Paper indicates that less than half of the bank population in Serbia prepares standard report required by the Environmental Protection Agency. Having in mind these results, banks managers and state officials should take into consideration the fact that most of the banks do not report on flow of waste and most of these indicators are not regularly published on website implying that stakeholders and investors are not adequately informed on the inclusion of banks into circular economy environment. Lagging behind waste management requirements could be potentially hazardous having in mind the fact that Serbia strives towards European Union membership where the legislation and practical alignment with the EU regulation is inevitable process.

This paper examines banking industry practice in the area of circular economy reporting with the specific emphasis on waste management reporting in this sector. Paper answers the basic question - is financial service sector exempt from the circular economy reporting requirements having low material usage and resource consumption? Manuscript indicates that in Serbia waste management reporting in banks is in the early stage. Most of the waste management indicators in banks are included as integral part of sustainability reports or as part of management report. Paper indicates that less than half of the bank population in Serbia prepares standard report required by the Environmental Protection Agency. Having in mind these results, banks managers and state officials should take into consideration the fact that most of the banks do not report on flow of waste and most of these indicators are not regularly published on website implying that stakeholders and investors are not adequately informed on the inclusion of banks into circular economy environment. Lagging behind waste management requirements could be potentially hazardous having in mind the fact that Serbia strives towards European Union membership where the legislation and practical alignment with the EU regulation is inevitable process. ; U ovom radu istraživali smo praksu primene cirkularne ekonomije u bankarskom sektoru sa posebnim osvrtom na izveštavanje o upravljanju otpadom. Rad je pokušao da odgovori na klasično pitanje - da li je sektor finansijskih usluga kojem pripadaju i banke, izuzet od izveštavanja u kontekstu cirkularne ekonomije iz razloga što imaju nisko učešće trošenja materijala i prirodnih resursa prilikom obavljanja delatnosti? U ovom istraživanju indikativno je da u Srbiji izveštaj o upravljanju otpadom koji popunjavaju banke je u svom začetnom obliku. Najveći broj indikatora o upravljanju otpadom nalazi se u izveštaju o održivom razvoju koji banke pripremaju ili u izveštaju o poslovanju koji menadžment sastavlja radi polaganja računa stejkholderima. Istraživanje jasno ukazuje da ispod polovine banaka u Srbiji priprema standardni izveštaj koji zahteva Agencija za zaštitu životne sredine. Imajući u vidu ove rezultate, regulatori u državi, kao i menadžment banaka treba da imaju u vidu da banke ne prikazuju tokove otpada u svojim izveštajima, niti indikatore publikuju na svojim web stranicama. Ovo implicira da stejkholderi i investitori, kao važni korisnici, nisu adekvatno informisani o inkluziji banaka u sistem cirkularne ekonomije. Ukoliko i dalje budemo ostavljali po strani pitanja upravljanja otpadom, to može biti dodatni hazard imajući u vidu želju Srbije da bude punopravna članica EU gde je usklađivanje sa izuzetno obimnom regulativom u domenu upravljanja otpadom neizbežno.

This paper examines banking industry practice in the area of circular economy reporting with the specific emphasis on waste management reporting in this sector. Paper answers the basic question - is financial service sector exempt from the circular economy reporting requirements having low material usage and resource consumption? Manuscript indicates that in Serbia waste management reporting in banks is in the early stage. Most of the waste management indicators in banks are included as integral part of sustainability reports or as part of management report. Paper indicates that less than half of the bank population in Serbia prepares standard report required by the Environmental Protection Agency. Having in mind these results, banks managers and state officials should take into consideration the fact that most of the banks do not report on flow of waste and most of these indicators are not regularly published on website implying that stakeholders and investors are not adequately informed on the inclusion of banks into circular economy environment. Lagging behind waste management requirements could be potentially hazardous having in mind the fact that Serbia strives towards European Union membership where the legislation and practical alignment with the EU regulation is inevitable process. ; U ovom radu istraživali smo praksu primene cirkularne ekonomije u bankarskom sektoru sa posebnim osvrtom na izveštavanje o upravljanju otpadom. Rad je pokušao da odgovori na klasično pitanje - da li je sektor finansijskih usluga kojem pripadaju i banke, izuzet od izveštavanja u kontekstu cirkularne ekonomije iz razloga što imaju nisko učešće trošenja materijala i prirodnih resursa prilikom obavljanja delatnosti? U ovom istraživanju indikativno je da u Srbiji izveštaj o upravljanju otpadom koji popunjavaju banke je u svom začetnom obliku. Najveći broj indikatora o upravljanju otpadom nalazi se u izveštaju o održivom razvoju koji banke pripremaju ili u izveštaju o poslovanju koji menadžment sastavlja radi polaganja računa stejkholderima. Istraživanje jasno ukazuje da ispod polovine banaka u Srbiji priprema standardni izveštaj koji zahteva Agencija za zaštitu životne sredine. Imajući u vidu ove rezultate, regulatori u državi, kao i menadžment banaka treba da imaju u vidu da banke ne prikazuju tokove otpada u svojim izveštajima, niti indikatore publikuju na svojim web stranicama. Ovo implicira da stejkholderi i investitori, kao važni korisnici, nisu adekvatno informisani o inkluziji banaka u sistem cirkularne ekonomije. Ukoliko i dalje budemo ostavljali po strani pitanja upravljanja otpadom, to može biti dodatni hazard imajući u vidu želju Srbije da bude punopravna članica EU gde je usklađivanje sa izuzetno obimnom regulativom u domenu upravljanja otpadom neizbežno.

The paper analyses harmonisation of the semantic content of terms liquidity, solvency and over-indebtedness in legal texts, professional regulation, and national scientific literature in the field of accounting. Despite the fact that professional regulation have a unique and clear position on the issue of the semantic content of terms liquidity and solvency, in legal texts, these terms are not clearly and precisely enough delimited, while scientific literature is full of confusions in respect to these terms. The term over-indebtedness is a term which is used almost daily. However, as this is the term which, as a rule, is not mentioned in financial and accounting literature, business people do not usually attach correct semantic content to this term, nor do they clearly demarcate it in relation to the term solvency, despite the fact that the legislator adequately defined it.