Suchergebnisse

A high magnitude (Mw =7.8) earthquake caused a geological disaster recently on April-May 2015 in Nepal Himalayas and resulted in severe devastation in Nepal as well as neighboring states in India. Looking into its recurrent occurrence with varied intensity, in the present study, the earthquake pattern in Nepal Himalayas was analyzed during the period 1900 to 2015 using United States Geological Survey (USGS) data sources in GIS environment. The result exhibits that the intensity of earthquake events are increased in recent decade in Nepal Himalayas as compared to previous century (1900-2014). The information pertaining to earthquake epicenter, magnitude, depth to hypocenter, demography etc. was also analyzed in geospatial environment to deduce its relation with geotectonic settings and possible risk in the vicinity. The earthquake events were also observed at deeper location (more than 40 kms) during 1900-2014(414 events; 53.9%) as compared to the recent events (2015), where majority of eathquake events (146 events; 85.3%) recorded at below 10 km depth (Janakpur and Bagmati provinces in Nepal). The result exhibits high number of recent events with greater magnitudes in central Nepal during April-May 2015 affecting a very large population above and around their vicinity with varied intensity. The cities located in central Nepal are highly prone to frequent earthquake hazard and induced risk on population of 2,923,621 persons followed by north-western Nepal.

Why are social networks necessary at the place of destination? What roles do they play as a form of "social capital" for newly arrived migrants in urban centers? These are some relevant questions that scholars in migration studies have explored, especially in the context of international migration, but significant gaps exist in the case of internal migration. Using the migration history of the head of 400 households living in eight slum areas of Delhi, the present study attempts to differentiate the social networks available to the head of the households at their first arrival in Delhi based on the strong and weak ties and the caste-based network. The study also disentangles the role played by these social networks in providing social protection to household heads at their first arrival. The results show that social networks, especially strong family/kinship-based and caste-based networks, play an essential role in providing social protection by assisting newly arrived migrants with housing, food and information about employment.

This paper examines the biosocial basis of premarital sexual and reproductive behaviour among women in Sudan. It applies Udry's biosocial perspective, which attempts to reconcile the biological and sociological models of premarital sexual and reproductive behaviour. World Fertility Survey (WFS) data were used to study premarital first motherhood. Early puberty was found to be paramount in determining childbearing in a separate biological model, but also in a biosocial model constructed to take account of social controls. This finding suggests that social controls do not influence the biological predisposition to premarital sexual behaviour. However, given the limitations of the WFS data, conclusive evidence must await a more appropriately designed study of reproductive behaviour in Sudan.

SummaryA life table analysis is made of the duration of breast-feeding and postpartum amenorrhoea in Orissa, India, taking one variable at a time using data from a baseline survey of fertility and mortality (BSFM) conducted on the lines of the World Fertility Survey. Then a multivariate (proportional hazard) analysis showed that socioeconomic factors including residence, caste status and education influence the breast-feeding and post-partum amenorrhoea periods. There was no effect of maternal age on the length of breast-feeding, but mean length of post-partum amenorrhoea varied with age. The durations of breast-feeding and post-partum amen orrhoea are strongly related.