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This paper specifies how to construct and validate an intellectual capital (IC) measurement scale on the basis of management perceptions. In order to construct the scales, a process based on the works of Churchill and DeVellis, complemented by the Delphi technique and structural equations models was used. The use of this methodology was illustrated in an empirical study carried out in the biotechnology and telecommunication sectors. As a result, a validated instrument for IC research is obtained in view of the faithful and rigorous measurement of its key construct.

PurposeIn the last decade, the hospitality sector has undergone numerous changes in the organization and structure of its business models. Specifically, the adoption of new digital technologies has initiated transformative changes toward circular economy and sustainability. The present study aims to analyze whether the use of the digital reservation system in circular entrepreneurship businesses has an impact on entrepreneurs' satisfaction and trust in the in circular economy.Design/methodology/approachThe data collected via a survey of 317 entrepreneurs who use a circular economy strategy were analyzed using SEM in a proposed model based on circular entrepreneurship businesses and the adoption of digital reservation systems.FindingsThe results showed a positive relationship between usability and perceived ease of use and user satisfaction and trust in using digital reservation systems to boost circular entrepreneurship in hospitality. Therefore, it was identified that adopting a digital reservation system can increase the efficiency of entrepreneur resources, as well as lead to creation of sustainable knowledge, augment the use of new sources of user information, improve prediction of services and demand and, consequently, boost sustainability and circular economy.Research limitations/implicationsFuture research can use the results of the present study to investigate how digital technologies work and affect user trust, satisfaction, and use of these systems in entrepreneurs' projects in hospitality. In addition, it would be interesting to explore how these factors influence hospitality in different business models that support circular economy in tourism. To this end, researchers can use the variables used in the present study, along with other variables, to extend the proposed model and deepen the authors' research. In summary, this study contributes to the literature on the use of applications in hospitality sector and offer useful insight on how the adoption and use of new technologies can drive the management of knowledge and technology development, decision making and acquisition of new data sources that improve the experience of both entrepreneurs and users that interact with their services to enable circular entrepreneurship.Practical implicationsHospitality entrepreneurs can use the results of the present study to better evaluate how using these applications can affect the communication protocols with their employees and stakeholders. Furthermore, entrepreneurs operating in the hospitality sector can use the results to develop action plans focused on the circular economy, new knowledge creation, as well as development and adoption of new digital technologies that enable circular entrepreneurship. In this way, hospitality companies will be able to effectively combine both more traditional offline channels and new technologies, such as mobile applications or the Internet.Social implicationsThe authors' prediction of a strong positive link between perceived usefulness and user trust was also supported by the results of data analysis. The finding that perceived utility increases user trust in entrepreneurs when making adopting these technologies is also consistent with other similar studies. Finally, the results of this study also confirmed the hypothesized link between the perceived utility of digital technologies and user satisfaction. Taken together, the results also highlight the relevance of analyzing the use of digital reservation systems in the hospitality sector to enable circular entrepreneurship.Originality/valueTaken together, the results highlight the relevance of analyzing the use of digital reservation systems in the hospitality sector to enable circular entrepreneurship and increase the perceived usefulness of new digital technologies so that to improve sustainable actions and the circular economy globally.

[EN] Facing global climate change challenges entails a sustainable development of transportation. Governments and automobile manufacturers are highly aware of how a large-scale deployment of Electric Vehicles (EVs) can reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and mitigate global warming. This study aids the design of the adaptation strategies of the automotive industry to meet global goals on climate change by means of a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), which makes it possible to measure the level of actors¿ satisfaction. This allows identification of a combination of factors leading to the outcome while dealing with uncertain environments due to the heterogeneous nature of actors with conflicting of interests. The methodology has been successfully applied to a case study, thus providing greater transparency, fairness, social equity, and consensus among actors ; Llopis-Albert, C.; Palacios Marqués, D.; Simón-Moya, V. (2021). Fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) applied to the adaptation of the automobile industry to meet the emission standards of climate change policies via the deployment of electric vehicles (EVs). Technological Forecasting and Social Change. 169:1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.120843 ; S ; 1 ; 7 ; 169

Facing global climate change challenges entails a sustainable development of transportation. Governments and automobile manufacturers are highly aware of how a large-scale deployment of Electric Vehicles (EVs) can reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and mitigate global warming. This study aids the design of the adaptation strategies of the automotive industry to meet global goals on climate change by means of a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), which makes it possible to measure the level of actors' satisfaction. This allows identification of a combination of factors leading to the outcome while dealing with uncertain environments due to the heterogeneous nature of actors with conflicting of interests. The methodology has been successfully applied to a case study, thus providing greater transparency, fairness, social equity, and consensus among actors.

In recent decades, low-cost airlines have proliferated in the European market offering cheap tickets and increasing popularity. This business model, characterised by cost leadership, has been studied on numerous occasions. The case of the Irish airline Ryanair has presented different challenges over the last few years in relation to its stakeholders, who are shaping the sustainability of the current era of air travel. This business model should be adapted to the current demands of the market, such as corporate social responsibility or care for the environment. The functioning of low-cost airlines regarding the use they make of ERP management systems is also analysed. They aim to balance their cost strategy with the development of internal resources and capabilities for the company's long-term strategy. A major current challenge for low-cost airlines is the implementation of ERP management systems to make strategies oriented to the customer, sustainability, and corporate social responsibility.

PurposeThere is a growing research interest in the relationships between networks and the firm's assets and between networks and innovation. Studies have shown the complexity and idiosyncrasies of these relationships for firms in clusters. The way firms in clusters build certain organizational resources and capabilities, however, remains underexplored. Based on the assumption that most of these organizational assets rely on human resources, the purpose of this paper is to shed light on the mechanisms through which a set of managerial practices (the human resource management (HRM) system) enhances innovation.Design/methodology/approachMicro-level data were collected for 139 firms located in three Spanish industrial clusters. Next, the main constructs were developed. A multiple mediator model was then used to examine how HRM systems influence innovation through strategic vision, embeddedness in local networks, the implementation of enterprise systems, and cluster characteristics.FindingsThe effect of HRM systems on innovation performance was indirect rather than direct. All four mediating variables included in the model were found to be relevant mechanisms through which HRM systems affect innovation performance. The statistical significance of these variables, however, varied depending on the type of innovation (product, process, organizational, or marketing).Practical implicationsGreater attention should be paid to the structure and sophistication of HRM systems. Top-level managers should be aware of the linkages between HRM systems and mediators. Greater human resource orientation in strategic planning, enterprise system design, and networking practices reinforces the association between HRM systems and innovation.Originality/valueThis study advances our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the relationship between HRM systems and innovation. From an academic perspective, this study enriches the cluster literature by better integrating human resources with innovation processes. Furthermore, this study creates research opportunities by disentangling the role of different managerial practices and refining the operationalization of the mediating variables. The findings can also help managers develop human resources and innovation strategies.

In this paper a methodology for the stochastic management of groundwater quality problems is presented, which can be used to provide agricultural advisory services. A stochastic algorithm to solve the coupled flow and mass transport inverse problem is combined with a stochastic management approach to develop methods for integrating uncertainty; thus obtaining more reliable policies on groundwater nitrate pollution control from agriculture. The stochastic inverse model allows identifying non-Gaussian parameters and reducing uncertainty in heterogeneous aquifers by constraining stochastic simulations to data. The management model determines the spatial and temporal distribution of fertilizer application rates that maximizes net benefits in agriculture constrained by quality requirements in groundwater at various control sites. The quality constraints can be taken, for instance, by those given by water laws such as the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD). Furthermore, the methodology allows providing the trade-off between higher economic returns and reliability in meeting the environmental standards. Therefore, this new technology can help stakeholders in the decision-making process under an uncertainty environment. The methodology has been successfully applied to a 2D synthetic aquifer, where an uncertainty assessment has been carried out by means of Monte Carlo simulation techniques. (c) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. ; Llopis Albert, C.; Palacios Marqués, D.; Merigó, JM. (2014). A coupled stochastic inverse-management framework for dealing with nonpoint agriculture pollution under groundwater parameter uncertainty. Journal of Hydrology. 511:10-16. doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.01.021 ; S ; 10 ; 16 ; 511

[EN] A new decision making model that uses the weighted average and the ordered weighted averaging (OWA) operator in the Dempster-Shafer belief structure is presented. Thus, we are able to represent the decision making problem considering objective and subjective information and the attitudinal character of the decision maker. For doing so, we use the ordered weighted averaging ¿ weighted average (OWAWA) operator. It is an aggregation operator that unifies the weighted average and the OWA in the same formulation. This approach is generalized by using quasi-arithmetic means and group decision making techniques. An application of the new approach in a group decision making problem concerning political management of a country is also developed. ; We would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for valuable comments that have improved the quality of the paper. Support from the Spanish Ministry of Education under project JC2009-00189 , the University of Barcelona (099311) and the European Commission (PIEFGA-2011-300062) is gratefully acknowledged ; Merigó, JM.; Engemann, KJ.; Palacios Marqués, D. (2013). Decision making with Dempster-Shafer belief structure and the OWAWA operator. Technological and Economic Development of Economy. 19(sup 1):S100-S118. https://doi.org/10.3846/20294913.2013.869517 ; S ; S100 ; S118 ; 19 ; sup 1 ; Antuchevičienė, J., Zavadskas, E. K., & Zakarevičius, A. (2010). MULTIPLE CRITERIA CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT DECISIONS CONSIDERING RELATIONS BETWEEN CRITERIA / DAUGIATIKSLIAI STATYBOS VALDYMO SPRENDIMAI ATSIŽVELGIANT Į RODIKLIŲ TARPUSAVIO PRIKLAUSOMYBĘ. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 16(1), 109-125. doi:10.3846/tede.2010.07 ; Brauers, W. K. M., & Zavadskas, E. K. (2010). PROJECT MANAGEMENT BY MULTIMOORA AS AN INSTRUMENT FOR TRANSITION ECONOMIES / PROJEKTŲ VADYBA SU MULTIMOORA KAIP PRIEMONĖ PEREINAMOJO LAIKOTARPIO ŪKIAMS. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 16(1), 5-24. doi:10.3846/tede.2010.01 ; Dempster, A. P. (1967). Upper and Lower Probabilities ...

The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12665-016-6135-y ; In decision-making processes, reliability and risk aversion play a decisive role. The aim of this study is to perform an uncertainty assessment of the effects of future scenarios of sustainable groundwater pumping strategies on the quantitative and chemical status of an aquifer. The good status of the aquifer is defined according to the terms established by the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD). A decision support systems (DSS) is presented, which makes use of a stochastic inverse model (GC method) and geostatistical approaches to calibrate equally likely realizations of hydraulic conductivity (K) fields for a particular case study. These K fields are conditional to available field data, including hard and soft information. Then, different future scenarios of groundwater pumping strategies are generated, based on historical information and WFD standards, and simulated for each one of the equally likely K fields. The future scenarios lead to different environmental impacts and levels of socioeconomic development of the region and, hence, to a different degree of acceptance among stakeholders. We have identified the different stakeholders implied in the decision-making process, the objectives pursued and the alternative actions that should be considered by stakeholders in a public participation project (PPP). The MonteCarlo simulation provides a highly effective way for uncertainty assessment and allows presenting the results in a simple and understandable way even for non-experts stakeholders. The methodology has been successfully applied to a real case study and lays the foundations to performa PPP and stakeholders' involvement in a decisionmaking process as required by the WFD. The results of the methodology can help the decision-making process to come up with the best policies and regulations for a groundwater system under uncertainty in groundwater parameters and management strategies and involving stakeholders ...

El objetivo de la investigación consistió en identificar el grado de asociación entre los criterios de liderazgo y las competencias directivas sobre los resultados clave del EFQM (European Foundation for Quality Management). Para alcanzar dicho objetivo, se utilizaron tres instrumentos de medición, diseñados por especialistas en la materia. Los instrumentos fueron aplicados a 149 empresarios del sector turístico de la Ciudad de Guanajuato y validados mediante pruebas estadísticas especializadas. Los resultados indican que, a nivel global, existe una relación significativa y positiva entre los criterios de liderazgo y las competencias directivas sobre los resultados clave en las organizaciones estudiadas. Empero, al analizar la asociación de cada uno de los componentes de los criterios de liderazgo y las competencias directivas sobre los resultados clave, se obtuvieron coeficientes de correlación por debajo de 0.50.